Revelation 16:4

New Testament Apocalyptic ASV (1901)

What does Revelation 16:4 say?

The American Standard Version records this verse as: “And the third poured out his bowl into the rivers and the fountains of the waters; and it became blood.” Read the surrounding verses and the named sources below before drawing broader conclusions.

The verse

And the third poured out his bowl into the rivers and the fountains of the waters; and it became blood.
Revelation 16:4 — American Standard Version

Context — Revelation 16

American Standard Version (1901) — public domain. Click any verse for its study page.
4And the third poured out his bowl into the rivers and the fountains of the waters; and it became blood.

What do historical commentaries say?

John Gill's Exposition
John Gill (1697–1771) · Exposition of the Old and New Testament · 18th-century historical commentary
“And the third angel poured his vial upon the rivers and fountains of waters, etc.] Which also is not to be literally understood of a stagnation of them, before the burning of the world; nor of the destruction of Popish fleets and navies, such as the Spanish armada in 1588, and others since; but rather of Popish writings, of the most learned and subtle men among them, who like rivers and fountains, which supply and fill the sea, support and keep up the Romish jurisdiction and hierarchy; and of the confutation of them by Protestant writers; and of the utter destruction of their principal orders, and chief men among them, as cardinals, archbishops, bishops, priests, Jesuits, etc. though it…”
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Jamieson, Fausset & Brown
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset & David Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible · 19th-century historical commentary
“(Exo 7:20.) angel--so Syriac, Coptic, and ANDREAS. But A, B, C, and Vulgate omit it.”
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Barnes' Notes
Albert Barnes (1798–1870) · Notes on the Whole Bible · 19th-century historical commentary
“And the third angel poured out his vial upon the rivers and fountains of waters - This coincides also with the account of the sounding of the third trumpet Revelation 8:10-11; “And the third angel sounded, and there fell a great star from heaven, burning as a lamp, and it fell upon the third part of the rivers, and upon the fountains of waters.” As to the meaning of the phrase, “rivers and fountains of waters,” see the notes on that passage. We found, it was supposed, in the application of that passage, that the invasion of the Roman empire by Attila, king of the Huns, was referred to, affecting mainly those parts of the empire where the rivers and streams had their origin. The analogy would…”
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Wesley's Explanatory Notes
John Wesley (1703–1791) · Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament and Old Testament notes · 18th-century historical commentary
“The third poured out his phial on the rivers and fountains of water - Which were over all the earth. And they became blood - So that none could drink thereof. Revelation 16:5”
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Treasury of Scriptural Knowledge
R. A. Torrey and contributors · The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge · Cross-reference reference work
“upon: Rev 8:10, Rev 8:11 and they: Rev 16:5, Rev 14:7; Exo 7:20, Exo 8:5; Isa 50:2; Eze 35:8; Hos 13:15 Revelation 16:5”
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Related study paths

Sources and verification