Psalms 59:5

“Thou therefore, O Lord God of hosts, etc.] Of the armies in heaven, the angels, and of all the inhabitants of the earth; who are all under him, and at his dispose, and can do among them and with them whatsoever he pleases; the God of Israel; of the people of Israel, literally understood; and mystically of all the elect of God, Jews and Gentiles. The former epithet is expressive of his power, this of his grace and goodness in a covenant way; and both encouraged the psalmist to address him on the following account: awake to visit all the Heathen: either the wicked Israelites that rose up against David, and sought to take away his life, who behaved like Heathens towards him, and were accounted…”

“Thou therefore, O Lord God of hosts - God of armies: commanding all the armies of heaven - the angels, and the stars and constellations drawn out in the form of armies; thou, thus endowed with all power, and able to subdue all people though arrayed and combined for purposes of evil - awake to my help. On the meaning of the phrase “God of hosts,” see the notes at Isaiah 1:9. The God of Israel - The God of the Hebrew people - the descendants of Jacob or Israel - the Protector of thy people - awake to help me, one of those who, being of that covenant people, come under the promise of protection. Awake to visit all the heathen - On the word here rendered “heathen” - גוים gôyim - see the notes…”

“The God - A God in covenant with all true Israelites, whom thou hast promised to protect and bless. The heathen - Or, these heathens, who though they are Israelites by birth; yet in their dispositions they are mere Heathens. Be not - For indeed thou canst not according to thy word, be merciful to such incorrigible offenders. Psalms 59:6”

“the God: Gen 33:20; Exo 3:15 visit: Exo 20:5 the heathen: Psa 9:15, Psa 54:3; Isa 1:10; Amo 9:7; Rom 2:28, Rom 2:29, Rom 9:6 be not: Psa 7:12, Psa 7:13, Psa 55:15; Isa 27:11; Eze 18:27, Eze 18:28; Jam 2:13 Psalms 59:6”