Amos 1:12

“But I will send a fire upon Teman, etc.] A principal city of Edom or Idumea, so called from Teman a grandson of Esau, (<013611>Genesis 36:11). Jeromf70 says there was in his time a village called Theman, five miles distant from the city Petra, and had a Roman garrison; and so says Eusebiusf71; who places it in Arabia Petraea; it is put for the whole country; it signifies the south. So the Targum renders it, “a fire in the south.” The “fire” signifies an enemy that should be sent into it, and destroy it: this was Nebuchadnezzar, who, as Josephusf72 says, five years after the destruction of Jerusalem led his army into Coelesyria, and took it; and fought against the Ammonites and Moabites, and…”

“Teman--a city of Edom, called from a grandson of Esau (Gen 36:11, Gen 36:15; Oba 1:8-9); situated five miles from Petra; south of the present Wady Musa. Its people were famed for wisdom (Jer 49:7). Bozrah--a city of Edom (Isa 63:1). Selah or Petra is not mentioned, as it had been overthrown by Amaziah (Kg2 14:7).”

“But - (And I, in My turn and as a consequence of these sins) will send a fire upon Teman “Teman,” say Eusebius and Jerome , “was a country of the princes of Edom, which had its name from Teman son of Eliphaz, son of Esau Genesis 36:11, Genesis 36:15. But even to this day there is a village, called Teman, about 5 (Eusebius says 15) miles from Petra, where there is also a Roman garrison, from which place was Eliphaz, king of the Themanites.” It is, however, probably the district which is meant, of which Bozra was then the capital. For Amos when speaking of cities, uses some word to express this, as “the palaces of Benhadad, the wall of Gaza, of Tyrus, of Rabbah;” here he simply uses the name…”

“Teman - The metropolis of Idumea, so called from Esau's grandson of that name. Bozrah - This was a very strong city, and one of the chief in the whole kingdom, so that in the menace against Bozrah and Teman, the strength and glory of Edom is threatened with an utter overthrow. Amos 1:13”

“1:12 With the destruction of the major cities of Teman and Bozrah, Edom lost its capacity for continual warfare. Babylon destroyed Edom shortly after Judah in 553 BC (see Jer 27; 49:7-22; see also study note on Obad 1:18).”

“Teman: Gen 36:11; Jer 49:7, Jer 49:20; Oba 1:9, Oba 1:10 Bozrah: Gen 36:33; Isa 34:6; Jer 49:13, Jer 49:22 Amos 1:13”