Song of Solomon Chapter 1

Old Testament Poetry/Wisdom 17 Verses

What is Song of Solomon 1 about?

A celebration of marital love, read in Jewish and Christian tradition as an allegory of God's covenant love for his people. The complete chapter text below provides the immediate literary context for study.

Text — American Standard Version (1901)

American Standard Version (1901) — public domain. For original Hebrew/Greek interlinear text, open in BibleWord.ai.
1The Song of songs, which is Solomon`s.
2Let him kiss me with the kisses of his mouth; For thy love is better than wine.
3Thine oils have a goodly fragrance; Thy name is [as] oil poured forth; Therefore do the virgins love thee.
4Draw me; we will run after thee: The king hath brought me into his chambers; We will be glad and rejoice in thee; We will make mention of thy love more than of wine: Rightly do they love thee.
5I am black, but comely, Oh ye daughters of Jerusalem, As the tents of Kedar, As the curtains of Solomon.
6Look not upon me, because I am swarthy, Because the sun hath scorched me. My mother`s sons were incensed against me; They made me keeper of the vineyards; [But] mine own vineyard have I not kept.
7Tell me, O thou whom my soul loveth, Where thou feedest [thy flock], Where thou makest [it] to rest at noon: For why should I be as one that is veiled Beside the flocks of thy companions?
8If thou know not, O thou fairest among women, Go thy way forth by the footsteps of the flock, And feed thy kids beside the shepherds` tents.
9I have compared thee, O my love, To a steed in Pharaoh`s chariots.
10Thy cheeks are comely with plaits [of hair], Thy neck with strings of jewels.
11We will make thee plaits of gold With studs of silver.
12While the king sat at his table, My spikenard sent forth its fragrance.
13My beloved is unto me [as] a bundle of myrrh, That lieth betwixt my breasts.
14My beloved is unto me [as] a cluster of henna-flowers In the vineyards of En-gedi.
15Behold, thou art fair, my love; Behold thou art fair; Thine eyes are [as] doves.
16Behold, thou art fair, my beloved, yea, pleasant: Also our couch is green.
17The beams of our house are cedars, [And] our rafters are firs.

What do historical commentaries say about this chapter?

John Gill's Exposition
John Gill (1697–1771) · Exposition of the Old and New Testament · on verse 1
“The Song of songs, which [is] Solomon’s.] Wrote by Solomon, king of Israel, as the “amanuensis” of the Holy Ghost; and not by Hezekiah and his men, as the Jews sayf10: or, “concerning Solomon”f11; Christ, of whom Solomon was a type; (see <220307>Song of Solomon 3:7); of his person, excellencies, love to his church, care of her, and concern for her; and of the nearness and communion he admitted her to, and indulged her with the Jews have a sayingf12, that wherever the word Solomon is used in this song, the Holy One is meant, the holy God, or Messiah: it is called “the Song of songs”, because the most excellent, as…”
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Jamieson, Fausset & Brown
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset & David Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible · on verse 1
“(CANTICLE I)--THE BRIDE SEARCHING FOR AND FINDING THE KING. (Son. 1:2-2:7) The song of songs--The most excellent of all songs, Hebrew idiom (Exo 29:37; Deu 10:14). A foretaste on earth of the "new song" to be sung in glory (Rev 5:9; Rev 14:3; Rev 15:2-4). Solomon's--"King of Israel," or "Jerusalem," is not added, as in the opening of Proverbs and Ecclesiastes, not because Solomon had not yet ascended the throne [MOODY STUART], but because his personality is hid under that of Christ, the true Solomon (equivalent to Prince of Peace). The earthly Solomon is not introduced, which would break the consistency of the…”
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Barnes' Notes
Albert Barnes (1798–1870) · Notes on the Whole Bible · on verse 1
“The “Song of songs,” i. e., the best or most excellent of songs. Which is Solomon’s - literally, “to” or “for Solomon,” i. e., belonging to Solomon as its author or concerning him as its subject. In a title or inscription, the former interpretation is to be preferred. return to 'Top of Page'”
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Wesley's Explanatory Notes
John Wesley (1703–1791) · Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament and Old Testament notes · on verse 1
“The song - The most excellent of all songs. And so this might well be called, whether you consider the author of it, who was a great prince, and the wisest of all mortal men; or the subject of it, which is not Solomon, but a greater than Solomon, even Christ, and his marriage with the church; or the matter of it, which is most lofty, containing in it the noblest of all the mysteries contained either in the Old or the New Testament; most pious and pathetical, breathing forth the hottest flames of love between Christ and his people, most sweet and comfortable, and useful to all that read it with serious and…”
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Tyndale Open Study Notes
Tyndale House Publishers · Tyndale Open Study Notes · on verse 1
“1:1 This verse is the source of the English title of the book. Formally, it is a superscription that functions as the title page of the book, providing the genre (song) and a connection with the probable author of some or all of the book (see Song of Songs Book Introduction, “Authorship”). The NLT rightly understands song of songs as a Hebrew superlative, so this song is the highest, best, or most sublime, which probably means that it is more wonderful than any other of Solomon’s 1,005 songs (see 1 Kgs 4:32).”
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Treasury of Scriptural Knowledge
R. A. Torrey and contributors · The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge · on verse 1
“song: Psa 14:1 \*title Isa 5:1 Solomon's: Kg1 4:32 Song of Solomon (Canticles) 1:2”
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Keil & Delitzsch
C. F. Keil & F. Delitzsch · Commentary on the Old Testament · on verse 1
“The title of the book at once denotes that it is a connected whole, and is the work of one author. - Sol 1:1. The Song of Songs, composed by Solomon. The genitival connection, "Song of Songs," cannot here signify the Song consisting of a number of songs, any more than calling the Bible "The Book of books" leads us to think of the 24 + 27 canonical books of which it consists. Nor can it mean "one of Solomon's songs;" the title, as it here stands, would then be the paraphrase of שׁיר שׁירי שׁ, chosen for the purpose of avoiding the redoubled genitives; but "one of the songs" must rather have been expressed by שׁיר…”
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