Romans 9:29

“And as Esaias said before, etc..] In the beginning of his prophecy, in (<230109>Isaiah 1:9). Except the Lord of sabaoth had left us a seed; the title and character the great God goes by here, is “Lord of sabaoth”, that is, “of hosts”, or “armies”; the Septuagint often leave the word untranslated, as here and elsewhere, as in (<090111>1 Samuel 1:11 17:45). He is Lord of the hosts of heaven, the sun, moon, and stars, whom he brings forth by number, calls by their names, and them to praise him; of the angels, the multitude of the heavenly host, that do his pleasure, fight under him, and for him; and of the hosts of nations, of the several kingdoms of the world, who are all under his government,…”

“And as Esaias said--"hath said" before--that is, probably in an earlier part of his book, namely, Isa 1:9. Except the Lord of Sabaoth--that is, "The Lord of Hosts": the word is Hebrew, but occurs so in the Epistle of James (Jam 5:4), and has thence become naturalized in our Christian phraseology. had left us a seed--meaning a "remnant"; small at first, but in due time to be a seed of plenty (compare Psa 22:30-31; Isa 6:12-13). we had been--"become" as Sodom, &c.--But for this precious seed, the chosen people would have resembled the cities of the plain, both in degeneracy of character and in merited doom.”

“And as Esaias said - Isaiah 1:9. Before - The apostle had just cited one prediction from the tenth chapter of Isaiah. He now says that Isaiah had affirmed the same thing in a previous part of his prophecy. Except the Lord of Sabaoth - In Isaiah, the Lord of Hosts. The word “Sabaoth” is the Hebrew word rendered “hosts” (armies). It properly denotes armies or military hosts organized for war. Hence, it denotes the “hosts of heaven,” and means: (1) “The angels” who are represented as marshalled or arranged into military orders; Ephesians 1:21; Ephesians 3:10; Ephesians 6:12; Colossians 1:16; Colossians 2:15; Jude 1:6; 1 Kings 22:19, “I saw the Lord sitting on his throne, and all the host of…”

“As Isaiah had said before - Namely, Isa 1:9, concerning those who were besieged in Jerusalem by Rezin and Pekah. Unless the Lord had left us a seed - Which denotes, The present paucity: The future abundance. We had been as Sodom - So that it is no unexampled thing for the main body of the Jewish nation to revolt from God, and perish in their sin. Romans 9:30”

“9:29 The destruction of the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah (Gen 19) is a poignant illustration of the reality and severity of God’s judgment.”

“Except: Isa 1:9, Isa 6:13; Lam 3:22 Sabaoth: Jam 5:4 we had been: Gen 19:24, Gen 19:25; Isa 13:19; Jer 49:18, Jer 50:40; Lam 4:6; Amo 4:11; Zep 2:6 Sodoma: Gomorrah, Pe2 2:6; Jde 1:7 Romans 9:30”