Romans 5:16

“And not as [it was] by one that sinned, [so is] the gift, etc..] The apostle goes on with the dissimilitude between the effects of Adam's sin, and Christ's righteousness: for the judgment was by one to condemnation; by “judgment” is meant, not the judgment of God, or the judiciary sentence pronounced by God on Adam and his posterity for sin; but the guilt of the one man's sin, which is imputed to all men to condemnation, on account of which the sentence of condemnation passed on all men; the law transgressed, became a ministration of condemnation to them: but the free gift is of many offences unto justification; the righteousness of Christ, which stands opposed to the guilt of Adam's sin,…”

“And not as it was by one that sinned, so is the gift--"Another point of contrast may be mentioned." for the judgment--"sentence." was by one--rather, "was of one," meaning not "one man," but, as appears from the next clause, "one offense." to condemnation, but the free gift--"gift of grace." is of many offences unto justification--a glorious point of contrast. "The condemnation by Adam was for one sin; but the justification by Christ is an absolution not only from the guilt of that first offense, mysteriously attaching to every individual of the race, but from the countless offenses it, to which, as a germ lodged in the bosom of every child of Adam, it unfolds itself in his life." This is…”

“And not ... - This is the second point in which the effects of the work of Christ differ from the sin of Adam The first part Romans 5:15 was, that the evil consequences flowed from the sin of one man, Adam; and that the benefits flowed from the work of one man, Jesus Christ. The point in this verse is, that the evil consequences flowed from one crime, one act of guilt; but that the favors had respect to many acts of guilt. The effects of Adam’s sin, whatever they were, pertained to the one sin; the effects of the work of Christ, to many sins. By one that sinned - δι ̓ ἑνὸς ἁμαρτήσαντος di' henos hēmartēsantos. By means of one (man) sinning; evidently meaning by one offence, or by one…”

“The sentence was by one offence to Adam's condemnation - Occasioning the sentence of death to pass upon him, which, by consequence, overwhelmed his posterity. But the free gift is of many offences unto justification - Unto the purchasing it for all men, notwithstanding many offences. Romans 5:17”

“for the: Gen 3:6-19; Gal 3:10; Jam 2:10 but the free: Isa 1:18, Isa 43:25, Isa 44:22; Luk 7:47-50; Act 13:38, Act 13:39; Co1 6:9-11; Ti1 1:13-16 Romans 5:17”