Romans 3:25

“Whom God had set forth to be a propitiation, etc..] Redemption by Christ is here further explained, by his being “a propitiation”: which word may design either Christ the propitiator, the author of peace and reconciliation; or the propitiatory sacrifice, by which he is so; and both in allusion to the mercy seat, which was a type of him as such. The apostle here uses the same word, which the Septuagint often render trpk “the mercy seat”, by; and Philo the Jew calls it by the same name, and says it was a symbol, thv ilew tou yeou dunamewv “of the propitious power of God” f49. Christ is the propitiation to God for sin; which must be understood of his making satisfaction to divine justice, for…”

“Whom God hath set forth to be a propitiation--or "propitiatory sacrifice." through faith in his blood--Some of the best interpreters, observing that "faith upon" is the usual phrase in Greek, not "faith in" Christ, would place a "comma" after "faith," and understand the words as if written thus: "to be a propitiation, in His blood, through faith." But "faith in Christ" is used in Gal 3:26 and Eph 1:15; and "faith in His blood" is the natural and appropriate meaning here. to declare his righteousness for the remission--rather, "pretermission" or "passing by." of sins--"the sins." that are past--not the sins committed by the believer before he embraces Christ, but the sins committed under the…”

“Whom God hath set forth - Margin, “Fore-ordained” (προέθετο proetheto). The word properly means, “to place in public view;” to exhibit in a conspicuous situation, as goods are exhibited or exposed for sale, or as premiums or rewards of victory were exhibited to public view in the games of the Greeks. It sometimes has the meaning of decreeing, purposing, or constituting, as in the margin (compare Romans 1:13; Ephesians 1:9); and many have supposed that this is its meaning here. But the connection seems to require the usual signification of the word; and it means that God has publicly exhibited Jesus Christ as a propitiatory sacrifice for the sins of people. This public exhibition was made by…”

“Whom God hath set forth - Before angels and men. A propitiation - To appease an offended God. But if, as some teach, God never was offended, there was no need of this propitiation. And, if so, Christ died in vain. To declare his righteousness - To demonstrate not only his clemency, but his justice; even that vindictive justice whose essential character and principal office is, to punish sin. By the remission of past sins - All the sins antecedent to their believing. Romans 3:26”

“3:25 the sacrifice for sin (Greek hilastērion): This Greek word is used in the Greek Old Testament to refer to the “atonement cover,” the cover that rested on the Ark of the Covenant in the inner sanctuary of the Tabernacle. The atonement cover was prominent in the Day of Atonement ritual (Lev 16) and came to stand for the atonement ceremony itself. Paul characterizes Jesus Christ as God’s provision of final atonement for his people. Jesus himself satisfies, or absorbs in himself, the anger of God against all sinful people (see Rom 1:18). • those who sinned in times past: Paul refers to righteous Old Testament people who were not punished for their sins as strict justice would require.…”

“set forth: or, foreordained, Act 2:23, Act 3:18, Act 4:28, Act 15:18; Pe1 1:18-20; Rev 13:8 to be: Exo 25:17-22; Lev 16:15; Heb 9:5 \*Gr: Jo1 2:2, Jo1 4:10 through: Rom 5:1, Rom 5:9, Rom 5:11; Isa 53:11; Joh 6:47, Joh 6:53-58; Col 1:20-23; Heb 10:19, Heb 10:20 to declare: Rom 3:26; Psa 22:31, Psa 40:10, Psa 50:6, Psa 97:6, Psa 119:142; Jo1 1:10 remission: or, passing over, Rom 3:23, Rom 3:24, Rom 4:1-8; Act 13:38, Act 13:39, Act 17:30; Ti1 1:15; Heb 9:15-22, Heb 9:25, Heb 9:26, Heb 10:4; Heb 11:7, Heb 11:14, Heb 11:17, Heb 11:39, Heb 11:40; Rev 5:9, Rev 13:8, Rev 20:15 Romans 3:26”