Romans 11:2

“God hath not cast away his people which he foreknew, etc..] The apostle goes on with his answer to the objection, by distinguishing and explaining who he meant by the people God had not cast away, namely, which were “foreknown” by him; for all mankind are in a sense his people, being made, maintained, and supported in their beings by him, yet they are not all foreknown; for were they, they would be all predestinated, called, conformed to the image of Christ, justified and glorified; but some of them will be cast away, being bad and wicked, and will be sent into everlasting punishment: and though the people of the Jews in general were the people of God, being in a sense chose, known, and…”

“God hath--"did" not cast away his people--that is, wholly which he foreknew--On the word "foreknew," see on Rom 8:29. Wot--that is, "Know" ye not that the scripture saith of--literally, "in," that is, in the section which relates to Elias? how he maketh intercession--"pleadeth" against Israel--(The word "saying," which follows, as also the particle "and" before "digged down," should be omitted, as without manuscript authority).”

“God hath set cast away - This is an explicit denial of the objection. Which he foreknew - The word “foreknew” is expressive not merely of foreseeing a thing, but implies in this place a previous purpose or plan; see the note at Romans 8:29. The meaning of the passage is simply, God has not cast off those whom he had before purposed or designed to be his people. It is the declaration of a great principle of divine government that God is not changeable: and that he would not reject those whom he had purposed should be his people. Though the mass of the nation, therefore, should be cast off, yet it would not follow that God had violated any promise or compact; or that he had rejected any whom…”

“God hath not rejected that part of his people whom he foreknew - Speaking after the manner of men. For, in fact, knowing and foreknowing are the same thing with God, who knows or sees all things at once, from everlasting to everlasting. Know ye not - That in a parallel case, amidst a general apostasy, when Elijah thought the whole nation was fallen into idolatry, God "knew" there was "a remnant" of true worshippers. Romans 11:3”

“11:2 chose from the very beginning: Before the people of Israel could do anything to earn their status, God selected them to be his people based on his grace alone. • Elijah the prophet: In 1 Kgs 19:1-18, the apostate King Ahab had slaughtered many of the Lord’s prophets, and Ahab’s wife Jezebel threatened Elijah with the same fate. Elijah fled to the wilderness, where he bemoaned his fate. God responded with the assurance that many faithful people remained. Paul found the present situation to be somewhat parallel. While many Jews did not believe, and some were even hostile, God was (and is) still working to preserve a believing remnant.”

“which he foreknew: Rom 8:29, Rom 8:30, Rom 9:6, Rom 9:23; Act 13:48, Act 15:18; Pe1 1:2 Wot: Gen 44:15; Exo 32:1; Act 3:17, Act 7:40; Phi 1:22 of Elias: Gr. in Elias, Or, by Elias; εν \[Strong's G1722\], corresponding to the Hebrew ב, not infrequently having this signification. Neh 9:30; Luk 4:1; Co1 6:2; Heb 1:1 how he maketh: Or "how he addresses God respecting Israel;" κατα \[Strong's G2596\] having frequently this meaning. (See Co1 15:15.) Num 16:15; Jer 18:19-23; Joh 4:1-3, Joh 4:11 Romans 11:3”