Joshua 12:16

“The king of Makkedah, one, etc.] In a cave near to which five kings hid themselves, and were taken out and hanged, and the city afterwards was taken by Joshua, (<061016>Joshua 10:16); which fell to the lot of the tribe of Judah, (<061541>Joshua 15:41); the king of Bethel, one; a city near to Ai, about a mile from it, and yet had a king over it: it was taken at the same time that Ai was, (<060702>Joshua 7:2 8:17); and fell to the lot of Benjamin, (<061822>Joshua 18:22).”

“The names of the kings are given in the order of their actual encounter with Joshua. Those enumerated in Joshua 12:10-18 either belonged to the league of the southern Canaanites (Joshua 10:1 ff), the power of which was broken in the battle of Beth-horon, or were at any rate conquered in the campaign following that battle. Those mentioned in Joshua 12:19-24 were in like manner connected with the northern confederates (Joshua 11:1 ff), who were defeated at the Waters of Merom. Joshua 12:13-20 The identification of several of these places is still uncertain: the same name (e. g. Aphek, Joshua 12:18) being applied to various places in various parts of Palestine. Geder, or Gedor Joshua 15:58, a…”

“Makkedah: Jos 10:28 Bethel: Jos 8:17; Gen 12:8, Gen 28:19; Jdg 1:22 Joshua 12:17”