Joel 3:19

“Egypt shall be a desolation, and Edom shall be a desolate wilderness, etc.] These two nations having been the implacable enemies of Israel, are here put for the future adversaries of the church of Christ, Pagan, Papal, and Mahometan; who will all be destroyed as such, and be no more: Rome is called, spiritually or mystically, Egypt, (<661108>Revelation 11:8); and Edom is a name that well agrees with it, it signifying “red”, as it is with the blood of the saints: and it is common, with the Jewish writers, by Edom to understand Rome; which though it may not be true of all places they so interpret, yet is of many, and so here. Kimchi, by Egypt understands the Ishmaelites, or the Turks; and, by…”

“Edom--It was subjugated by David, but revolted under Jehoram (Ch2 21:8-10); and at every subsequent opportunity tried to injure Judah. Egypt under Shishak spoiled Jerusalem under Rehoboam of the treasures of the temple and the king's house; subsequently to the captivity, it inflicted under the Ptolemies various injuries on Judea. Antiochus spoiled Egypt (Dan 11:40-43). Edom was made "desolate" under the Maccabees [JOSEPHUS, Antiquities, 12.11,12]. The low condition of the two countries for centuries proves the truth of the prediction (compare Isa 19:1, &c.; Jer 49:17; Oba 1:10). So shall fare all the foes of Israel, typified by these two (Isa 63:1, &c.).”

“Egypt shall be a desolation - “Egypt” and “Edom” represent each a different class of enemies of the people of God, and both together exhibit the lot of all. Egypt was the powerful oppressor, who kept Israel long time in hard bondage, and tried, by the murder of their male children, to extirpate them. Edom was, by birth, the nearest allied to them, but had, from the time of their approach to the promised land, been hostile to them, and showed a malicious joy in all their calamities (Obadiah 1:10-14; Ezekiel 25:12; Ezekiel 35:15; Ezekiel 36:5; Lamentations 4:22; Psalms 137:7; see the note at Amos 1:11). “Their land,” in which Egypt and Edom shed the “innocent blood of the children of Judah,”…”

“Egypt - By Egypt we may understand all the enemies of the church who carry it toward the church, as Egypt carried it toward Israel. Edom - Edom was an implacable enemy to Judah in his greatest distress. And all who come under Edom's character are here threatened under this name. Judah - The people of God. Joel 3:20”

“3:19 Even as Judah is restored, her ancient enemies Egypt and Edom would experience God’s judgment for their crimes against his people.”

“Egypt: Isa 11:15, Isa 19:1-15; Zac 10:10, Zac 14:18, Zac 14:19 Edom: Isa. 34:1-17, Isa 63:1-6; Jer 49:17; Lam 4:21; Ezek. 25:1-17, Eze 35:1-15; Amo 1:11, Amo 1:12; Oba 1:1, Oba 1:10-14; Mal 1:3, Mal 1:4 for: Psa 137:7; Jer 51:35; Oba 1:10-16; Th2 1:6 Joel 3:20”