James 3:12

“Can the fig tree, my brethren, bear olive berries? etc.] Every tree bears fruit, according to its kind; a fig tree produces figs, and an olive tree olive berries; a fig tree does not produce olive berries, or an olive tree figs; and neither of them both: either a vine, figs? or fig trees, grapes; or either of them, figs and grapes: so can no fountain both yield salt water and fresh. The Alexandrian copy reads, “neither can the salt water yield sweet water”; that is, the sea cannot yield sweet or fresh water: the Syriac version renders it, “neither can salt water be made sweet”: but naturalists say, it may be made sweet, by being strained through sand: the design of these similes is to…”

“Transition from the mouth to the heart. Can the fig tree, &c.--implying that it is an impossibility: as before in Jam 3:10 he had said it "ought not so to be." James does not, as Matthew (Mat 7:16-17), make the question, "Do men gather figs of thistles?" His argument is, No tree "can" bring forth fruit inconsistent with its nature, as for example, the fig tree, olive berries: so if a man speaks bitterly, and afterwards speaks good words, the latter must be so only seemingly, and in hypocrisy, they cannot be real. so can no fountain . . . salt . . . and fresh--The oldest authorities read, "Neither can a salt (water spring) yield fresh." So the mouth that emits cursing, cannot really emit also…”

“Can the fig-tree, my brethren, bear olive-berries? - Such a thing is impossible in nature, and equally absurd in morals. A fig-tree bears only figs; and so the tongue ought to give utterance only to one class of sentiments and emotions. These illustrations are very striking, and show the absurdity of that which the apostle reproves. At the same time, they accomplish the main purpose which he had in view, to repress the desire of becoming public teachers without suitable qualifications. They show the power of the tongue; they show what a dangerous power it is for a man to wield who has not the proper qualifications; they show that no one should put himself in the position where he may wield…”

“the fig tree: Isa 5:2-4; Jer 2:21; Mat 7:16-20, Mat 12:33; Luk 6:43, Luk 6:44; Rom 11:16-18 so: Exo 15:23-25; Kg2 2:19-22; Eze 47:8-11 James 3:13”