Isaiah 5:10

“Yea, ten acres of vineyard shall yield one bath, &c.] They shall get nothing by laying field to field, for their fields shall be barren and unfruitful; though Jarchi and Kimchi take this to be a reason why their houses should be desolate, and without inhabitants, because there would be a famine, rendering the words, “for ten acres”, &c. The Targum makes this barrenness to be the punishment of their sin, in not paying tithes; paraphrasing the words thus, “for because of the sin of not giving tithes, the place of ten acres of vineyard shall produce one bath.” The word ydmx signifies “yokes”, and is used of yokes of oxen; hence the Septuagint and Arabic versions render the words thus, “for…”

“acres--literally, "yokes"; as much as one yoke of oxen could plow in a day. one--only. bath--of wine; seven and a half gallons. homer . . . ephah--Eight bushels of seed would yield only three pecks of produce (Eze 45:11). The ephah and bath, one-tenth of an homer.”

“Yea, ten acres - In this verse a reason is rendered why the houses mentioned in the previous verse should become desolate. The reason is, that the land would become sterile and barren, as a divine judgment for their oppression. To what particular time the prophet refers, here, is not apparent. It is certain, however, that the land of Canaan was frequently given up to sterility. The withholding of the early and latter rains, or the neglect of cultivation from any cause, would produce this. At present, this formerly fertile country is among the most unproductive on the face of the earth. Ten acres - An “acre,” among the Hebrews, was what could be plowed by one yoke of oxen in a day. It did not…”

“One bath - Of wine. The bath contained about eight gallons. Thus an acre did not yield one gallon. An ephah - Which was of the same quantity with the bath, only the bath was the measure of liquid things, the ephah of dry things; and a ephah was the tenth part of an homer. So instead of the increase which that fruitful land commonly yielded, they should loose nine parts of their seed. Isaiah 5:12”

“5:10 As with drought (5:5-6), the reduction of crops was at times a divine judgment (see Hag 1:6, 9; 2:16).”

“one: Lev 27:16; Eze 45:10, Eze 45:11; Joe 1:17; Hag 1:9-11 Isaiah 5:11”