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2 Samuel 23:11

Old Testament Historical ASV (1901)

What does 2 Samuel 23:11 say?

The American Standard Version records this verse as: “And after him was Shammah the son of Agee a Hararite. And the Philistines were gathered together into a troop, where was a plot of ground full of lentils; and the people fled from the Philistines.” Read the surrounding verses and the named sources below before drawing broader conclusions.

The verse

And after him was Shammah the son of Agee a Hararite. And the Philistines were gathered together into a troop, where was a plot of ground full of lentils; and the people fled from the Philistines.
2 Samuel 23:11 — American Standard Version

Context — 2 Samuel 23

American Standard Version (1901) — public domain. Click any verse for its study page.
8These are the names of the mighty men whom David had: Josheb-basshebeth a Tahchemonite, chief of the captains; the same was Adino the Eznite, against eight hundred slain at one time.
9And after him was Eleazar the son of Dodai the son of an Ahohite, one of the three mighty men with David, when they defied the Philistines that were there gathered together to battle, and the men of Israel were gone away.
10He arose, and smote the Philistines until his hand was weary, and his hand clave unto the sword; and Jehovah wrought a great victory that day; and the people returned after him only to take spoil.
11And after him was Shammah the son of Agee a Hararite. And the Philistines were gathered together into a troop, where was a plot of ground full of lentils; and the people fled from the Philistines.
12But he stood in the midst of the plot, and defended it, and slew the Philistines; and Jehovah wrought a great victory.
13And three of the thirty chief men went down, and came to David in the harvest time unto the cave of Adullam; and the troop of the Philistines was encamped in the valley of Rephaim.
14And David was then in the stronghold; and the garrison of the Philistines was then in Beth-lehem.
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What do historical commentaries say?

John Gill's Exposition
John Gill (1697–1771) · Exposition of the Old and New Testament · 18th-century historical commentary
“And after him [was] Shammah the son of Agee the Hararite, etc.] One who was of the mountainous country, as the Targum, the hill country of Judea, of Hebron, or the parts adjacent; this was the third of the first three; there was one of this name among the thirty, (<102333>2 Samuel 23:33); and the Philistines were gathered together into a troop; but so they were no doubt at first; R. Isaiah takes it to be the name of a place called Chiyah; as the Targum, Chayatha; and which Kimchi says was a village, an unwalled town; and Ben Melech observes, that it is said in the Arabic language, a collection of houses is called Alchai: it may be the same with Lehi, where Samson slew a thousand with the…”
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Barnes' Notes
Albert Barnes (1798–1870) · Notes on the Whole Bible · 19th-century historical commentary
“Hararite - Interpreted to mean “mountaineer,” one from the hill country of Judah or Ephraim. return to 'Top of Page'”
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Wesley's Explanatory Notes
John Wesley (1703–1791) · Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament and Old Testament notes · 18th-century historical commentary
“Lentiles - Or barley, as it is Ch1 11:13. For both might grow in the same field, in divers parts of it. And this fact is ascribed to Eleazar, Ch1 11:12, but it is implied, that he had some partner or partners in it; for it is there said, Ch1 11:14 they set themselves, &c. So Eleazar might fight in that part where the barley was and Shammah where the lentiles were. 2 Kings (2 Samuel) 23:12”
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Treasury of Scriptural Knowledge
R. A. Torrey and contributors · The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge · Cross-reference reference work
“Shammah: Ch1 11:27, Shammoth the Harorite the Philistines: Ch1 11:13, Ch1 11:14 into a troop: or, for foraging 2 Kings (2 Samuel) 23:12”
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Related study paths

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Sources and verification