1 Samuel 14:21

Old Testament Historical ASV (1901)

What does 1 Samuel 14:21 say?

The American Standard Version records this verse as: “Now the Hebrews that were with the Philistines as beforetime, and that went up with them into the camp, [from the country] round about, even they also [turned] to be with the Israelites that were with Saul and Jonathan.” Read the surrounding verses and the named sources below before drawing broader conclusions.

The verse

Now the Hebrews that were with the Philistines as beforetime, and that went up with them into the camp, [from the country] round about, even they also [turned] to be with the Israelites that were with Saul and Jonathan.
1 Samuel 14:21 — American Standard Version

Context — 1 Samuel 14

American Standard Version (1901) — public domain. Click any verse for its study page.
21Now the Hebrews that were with the Philistines as beforetime, and that went up with them into the camp, [from the country] round about, even they also [turned] to be with the Israelites that were with Saul and Jonathan.

What do historical commentaries say?

John Gill's Exposition
John Gill (1697–1771) · Exposition of the Old and New Testament · 18th-century historical commentary
“Moreover, the Hebrews that were with the Philistines before that time, etc.] Who either were their servants and bondsmen they brought along with them, or such in whose cities they dwelt, or had taken as they came along, and forced into their army; or it may be some of them were renegades from the Israelites, deserters, who for safety and subsistence betook themselves to them as the stronger party. The Greek version reads, “the servants that were with the Philistines:” which went up with them into the camp [from the country] round about; either willingly or by force; the words, “from the country”, are not in the text, wherefore some observe, as Kimchi and Abarbinel, that this respects their…”
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Wesley's Explanatory Notes
John Wesley (1703–1791) · Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament and Old Testament notes · 18th-century historical commentary
“Which went - Either by constraint, as servants; or in policy, to gain their favour and protection. 1 Kings (1 Samuel) 14:23”
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Tyndale Open Study Notes
Tyndale House Publishers · Tyndale Open Study Notes · Modern study notes
“14:21-22 Previously, a large group of Israelites had gone into hiding out of fear (13:6-7). Others might have joined the Philistine army. However, the statement that they revolted when the opportunity arose suggests they might have been taken as prisoners of war and forced into the Philistines’ service.”
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Treasury of Scriptural Knowledge
R. A. Torrey and contributors · The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge · Cross-reference reference work
“the Hebrews: Probably such as they held in bondage, or who were their servants. Instead of (haivrim) "the Hebrews," the LXX evidently read haavdim, for they have οι δουλοι, "the slaves;" but this reading is not countenanced by any other version, nor by any manuscript Sa1 29:4; Jdg 7:23 1 Kings (1 Samuel) 14:22”
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Related study paths

Sources and verification