Zechariah 4:14

Old Testament Minor Prophet ASV (1901)

What does Zechariah 4:14 say?

The American Standard Version records this verse as: “Then said he, These are the two anointed ones, that stand by the Lord of the whole earth.” Read the surrounding verses and the named sources below before drawing broader conclusions.

The verse

Then said he, These are the two anointed ones, that stand by the Lord of the whole earth.
Zechariah 4:14 — American Standard Version

Context — Zechariah 4

American Standard Version (1901) — public domain. Click any verse for its study page.
14Then said he, These are the two anointed ones, that stand by the Lord of the whole earth.

What do historical commentaries say?

John Gill's Exposition
John Gill (1697–1771) · Exposition of the Old and New Testament · 18th-century historical commentary
“Then said he, These [are] the two anointed ones, etc.] Or “sons of oil”f91. Some think the gifts and graces of the Spirit are meant, which come from the God of all grace, remain with Christ, are given freely by him to the sons of God, and are always for the service of the church, and sufficient for it; others, Christ the Son of God, and the Holy Spirit. Christ is the anointed One, or son of oil, being anointed with the Holy Ghost to the office of Prophet, Priest, and King; and with which oil he has supplied his candlestick, the church, in all ages. The Holy Spirit is the oil of gladness, and that anointing which teacheth all things. And this is the sense of Capellus, as has been observed on…”
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Jamieson, Fausset & Brown
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset & David Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible · 19th-century historical commentary
“anointed ones--literally, "sons of oil" (Isa 5:1, Margin). Joshua the high priest, and Zerubbabel the civil ruler, must first be anointed with grace themselves, so as to be the instruments of furnishing it to others (compare Jo1 2:20, Jo1 2:27). Next: Zechariah Chapter 5”
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Barnes' Notes
Albert Barnes (1798–1870) · Notes on the Whole Bible · 19th-century historical commentary
“These are the two sons of oil - Probably not as themselves anointed, (for another word is used for this. Which stand by the Lord of the whole earth, as His servants and ministers. The candlestick is almost authoritatively interpreted for us, by the adoption of the symbol in the Revelation, where our Lord is exhibited “as walking in the midst of the seven golden candlesticks” Revelation 1:13; Revelation 2:1, and, it is said, “the seven candlesticks are the seven Churches” Revelation 1:20; and our Lord says to the Apostles, on whom He founded the Church; “Ye are the light of the world: men light a candle, and put it on a candlestick, and it giveth light to them that are in the house” (Matthew…”
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Wesley's Explanatory Notes
John Wesley (1703–1791) · Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament and Old Testament notes · 18th-century historical commentary
“The two anointed ones - Christ and the Holy Spirit. The Son was to be sent by the Father, and so was the Holy Ghost. And they stand by him, ready to go. Next: Zechariah Chapter 5”
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Tyndale Open Study Notes
Tyndale House Publishers · Tyndale Open Study Notes · Modern study notes
“4:14 two anointed ones: Jeshua and Zerubbabel, the religious and civic leaders of Jerusalem after the return from exile (3:1, 7; 4:6-7; Hag 1:14; 2:2-3), were anointed with oil as part of their commissioning. Under their leadership, the Temple of the Lord was rebuilt and worship was restored in Jerusalem.”
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Treasury of Scriptural Knowledge
R. A. Torrey and contributors · The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge · Cross-reference reference work
“These: Zac 6:13; Exo 29:7, Exo 40:15; Lev 8:12; Sa1 10:1, Sa1 16:1, Sa1 16:12, Sa1 16:13; Psa 2:6 \*marg. Psa 89:20, Psa 110:4; Isa 61:1-3; Dan 9:24-26; Hag 1:1-12; Heb 1:8, Heb 1:9; Heb 7:1, Heb 7:2; Rev 11:4 anointed ones: Heb. sons of oil, Isa 5:1 \*marg. that: Zac 3:1-7, Zac 6:5; Deu 10:8; Kg1 17:1; Jer 49:19; Luk 1:19 the Lord: Jos 3:11, Jos 3:13; Isa 54:5; Mic 4:13 Next: Zechariah Chapter 5”
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Related study paths

Sources and verification