Psalms 104:4

Old Testament Poetry/Hymns ASV (1901)

What does Psalms 104:4 say?

The American Standard Version records this verse as: “Who maketh winds his messengers; Flames of fire his ministers;” Read the surrounding verses and the named sources below before drawing broader conclusions.

The verse

Who maketh winds his messengers; Flames of fire his ministers;
Psalms 104:4 — American Standard Version

Context — Psalms 104

American Standard Version (1901) — public domain. Click any verse for its study page.
4Who maketh winds his messengers; Flames of fire his ministers;

What do historical commentaries say?

John Gill's Exposition
John Gill (1697–1771) · Exposition of the Old and New Testament · 18th-century historical commentary
“Who maketh his angels spirits, etc.] The angels are spirits, or spiritual substances, yet created ones; and so differ from God, who is a spirit, and from the Holy Spirit of God, who are Creators and not creatures; angels are spirits without bodies, and so differ from the souls or spirits of men, and are immaterial, and so die not; these are made by Christ, by whom all things are made, (<510116>Colossians 1:16) and so he must be greater and more excellent than they; for which purpose the passage is quoted in (<580107>Hebrews 1:7). Some render it, “who maketh his angels as the winds”; to which they may be compared for their invisibility, they being not to be seen, no more than the wind, unless…”
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Barnes' Notes
Albert Barnes (1798–1870) · Notes on the Whole Bible · 19th-century historical commentary
“Who maketh his angels spirits - The meaning here literally would be, “Who makes the winds his messengers,” or “his angels;” that is, who employs them to execute his purpose; who sends them out as messengers or angels to do his will. His ministers a flaming fire - That is, Fire is employed by him - in lightnings - to accomplish his purpose as his ministers or his servants. They are entirely under his command. They are sent by him to do his will; to carry out his designs. This is intended to describe the majesty and the power of God - that he can employ wind and lightning - tempest and storm - to go on errands such as he commands; to fulfill his plans; to do his bidding. For the application of…”
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Wesley's Explanatory Notes
John Wesley (1703–1791) · Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament and Old Testament notes · 18th-century historical commentary
“Spirits - Of a spiritual or incorporeal nature, that they might be fitter for their employments. Fire - So called for their irresistible force and agility, and fervency in the execution of God's commands. Psalms 104:5”
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Tyndale Open Study Notes
Tyndale House Publishers · Tyndale Open Study Notes · Modern study notes
“104:4 Wind and lightning are seen as divine messengers. The Lord uses weather phenomena as he desires (77:17-18; 78:26; 135:7; 148:5-6). • The psalmist interacts with day three of creation (Gen 1:9-13). The Lord is master of water and earth.”
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Treasury of Scriptural Knowledge
R. A. Torrey and contributors · The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge · Cross-reference reference work
“Who maketh: Act 23:8; Heb 1:7, Heb 1:14 ministers: Kg2 2:11, Kg2 6:17; Eze 1:13 Psalms 104:5”
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Related study paths

Sources and verification