Numbers Chapter 34

Old Testament Law (Torah) 29 Verses

What is Numbers 34 about?

Israel's forty-year wilderness journey from Sinai to the plains of Moab — testing, rebellion, and God's faithfulness. The complete chapter text below provides the immediate literary context for study.

Text — American Standard Version (1901)

American Standard Version (1901) — public domain. For original Hebrew/Greek interlinear text, open in BibleWord.ai.
1And Jehovah spake unto Moses, saying,
2Command the children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye come into the land of Canaan (this is the land that shall fall unto you for an inheritance, even the land of Canaan according to the borders thereof),
3then your south quarter shall be from the wilderness of Zin along by the side of Edom, and your south border shall be from the end of the Salt Sea eastward;
4and your border shall turn about southward of the ascent of Akrabbim, and pass along to Zin; and the goings out thereof shall be southward of Kadesh-barnea; and it shall go forth to Hazar-addar, and pass along to Azmon;
5and the border shall turn about from Azmon unto the brook of Egypt, and the goings out thereof shall be at the sea.
6And for the western border, ye shall have the great sea and the border [thereof]: this shall be your west border.
7And this shall be your north border: from the great sea ye shall mark out for you mount Hor;
8from mount Hor ye shall mark out unto the entrance of Hamath; and the goings out of the border shall be at Zedad;
9and the border shall go forth to Ziphron, and the goings out thereof shall be at Hazar-enan: this shall be your north border.
10And ye shall mark out your east border from Hazar-enan to Shepham;
11and the border shall go down from Shepham to Riblah, on the east side of Ain; and the border shall go down, and shall reach unto the side of the sea of Chinnereth eastward;
12and the border shall go down to the Jordan, and the goings out thereof shall be at the Salt Sea. This shall be your land according to the borders thereof round about.
13And Moses commanded the children of Israel, saying, This is the land which ye shall inherit by lot, which Jehovah hath commanded to give unto the nine tribes, and to the half-tribe;
14for the tribe of the children of Reuben according to their fathers` houses, and the tribe of the children of Gad according to their fathers` houses, have received, and the half-tribe of Manasseh have received, their inheritance:
15the two tribes and the half-tribe have received their inheritance beyond the Jordan at Jericho eastward, toward the sunrising.
16And Jehovah spake unto Moses, saying,
17These are the names of the men that shall divide the land unto you for inheritance: Eleazar the priest, and Joshua the son of Nun.
18And ye shall take one prince of every tribe, to divide the land for inheritance.
19And these are the names of the men: Of the tribe of Judah, Caleb the son of Jephunneh.
20And of the tribe of the children of Simeon, Shemuel the son of Ammihud.
21Of the tribe of Benjamin, Elidad the son of Chislon.
22And of the tribe of the children of Dan a prince, Bukki the son of Jogli.
23Of the children of Joseph: of the tribe of the children of Manasseh a prince, Hanniel the son of Ephod.
24And of the tribe of the children of Ephraim a prince, Kemuel the son of Shiphtan.
25And of the tribe of the children of Zebulun a prince, Elizaphan the son of Parnach.
26And of the tribe of the children of Issachar a prince, Paltiel the son of Azzan.
27And of the tribe of the children of Asher a prince, Ahihud the son of Shelomi.
28And of the tribe of the children of Naphtali a prince, Pedahel the son of Ammihud.
29These are they whom Jehovah commanded to divide the inheritance unto the children of Israel in the land of Canaan.

What do historical commentaries say about this chapter?

John Gill's Exposition
John Gill (1697–1771) · Exposition of the Old and New Testament · on verse 1
“And the Lord spake unto Moses, etc.] At the same time that he ordered him to direct the children of Israel, when they had passed over Jordan, to drive out the inhabitants of the land of Canaan, and divide their land among them, he proceeded to give the limits and boundaries of the land: saying; as follows.”
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Jamieson, Fausset & Brown
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset & David Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible · on verse 1
“THE BORDERS OF THE LAND OF CANAAN. (Num. 34:1-29) this is the . . . land of Canaan--The details given in this chapter mark the general boundary of the inheritance of Israel west of the Jordan. The Israelites never actually possessed all the territory comprised within these boundaries, even when it was most extended by the conquests of David and Solomon.”
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Barnes' Notes
Albert Barnes (1798–1870) · Notes on the Whole Bible · on verse 2
“The land of Canaan - The name Canaan is here restricted to the territory west of the Jordan. return to 'Top of Page'”
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Wesley's Explanatory Notes
John Wesley (1703–1791) · Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament and Old Testament notes · on verse 2
“Coasts - Or limits or bounds, to wit, of the land beyond Jordan. Which are here particularly described, to direct and bound them in their wars and conquests, that they might not seek the enlargement of their empire, after the manner of other nations, but be contented with their own portion. To encourage them in their attempt upon Canaan, and assure them of their success. There was a much larger possession promised them, if they were obedient, even to the river Euphrates. But this, which is properly Canaan, lay in a very little compass. 'Tis but about an hundred and fifty miles in length, and about fifty in…”
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Tyndale Open Study Notes
Tyndale House Publishers · Tyndale Open Study Notes · on verse 1
“34:1-29 Chapter 34 gives the borders of the land of Canaan, which Israel was to settle according to the guidelines in 26:52-56. Ever since the call of Abraham (Gen 12:1-7), the Promised Land of Canaan had stood at the heart of the Old Testament story. Though an entire generation of Hebrews died in the wilderness because they refused to believe the report of the faithful spies (Num 13), God had reaffirmed his promise of land (33:53). Here, God reviewed the plan and identified the boundaries of the Promised Land in an idealized form (cp. Josh 13–19; Ezek 47–48). Old Testament Israel did not possess the exact extent…”
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Treasury of Scriptural Knowledge
R. A. Torrey and contributors · The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge · on verse 2
“is the land: Num 33:51-53; Gen 12:6, Gen 12:7, Gen 13:15-17, Gen 15:16-21, Gen 17:8; Deu 1:7, Deu 1:8; Psa 78:55; Psa 105:11; Eze 47:14; Act 17:26 an inheritance: Psa 16:5, Psa 16:6; Jer 3:19; Act 26:18; Eph 1:14, Eph 1:18; Pe1 1:3, Pe1 1:4 Numbers 34:3”
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Keil & Delitzsch
C. F. Keil & F. Delitzsch · Commentary on the Old Testament · on verse 1
“Boundaries of the Land of Canaan. - Num 34:2. "When ye come into the land of Canaan, this shall be the land which will fall to you as an inheritance, the land of Canaan according to its boundaries:" i.e., ye shall receive the land of Canaan for an inheritance, within the following limits. Numbers 34:3”
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