Matthew 27:48

“And straightway one of them ran and took a sponge, etc.] Which was not far from the cross, where a vessel full of vinegar was set, (<431929>John 19:29), and filled it with vinegar; dipping it into it, it sucked it up. Some of these sponges had leathern handles to them. f1705 And put it on a reed; a stalk of hyssop; (see Gill on “<431929>John 19:29”), and gave him to drink; not to revive his spirits, or hasten his death, as some have thought, but in contempt of him, and to mock him, he having signified that he was athirst.”

“One of them ran - John John 19:28 says that this was in consequence of Jesus’ saying “I thirst.” One of the effects of crucifixion was excessive thirst. Took a sponge - A sponge is a well-known porous substance that easily absorbs water. It was used in this case because, Jesus being elevated, it was difficult to convey a cup to his lips. Filled it with vinegar - This was the common drink of Roman soldiers. It was a light wine, turned sour and mixed with water. John says John 19:29 there was a vessel set full of vinegar, probably for the use of the soldiers who watched his crucifixion. And put it on a reed - John says it was put upon “hyssop.” The “hyssop” was a “shrub,” growing so large…”

“One taking a sponge, filled it with vinegar - Vinegar and water was the usual drink of the Roman soldiers. It does not appear, that this was given him in derision, but rather with a friendly design, that he might not die before Elijah came. Joh 19:28. Matthew 27:50”

“27:48 The sour wine was vinegar. The drink was probably designed to mock Jesus (cp. Ps 69:21 with Matt 27:34) by pretending to help assuage his thirst. Others have suggested that it was given as an act of genuine kindness.”

“and filled: Mat 27:34; Psa 69:21; Luk 23:36; Joh 19:29, Joh 19:30 Matthew 27:49”