Matthew 12:42

“The queen of the south, etc.] Called the queen of Sheba, (<111001>1 Kings 10:1). Sheba was one of the sons of Joktan, a grandchild of Arphaxad, who settled in the southern parts of Arabia: hence this queen is called the queen of the south. Sheba is by the Targumist f764 called Zemargad: and this queen the queen of Zemargad: she goes by different names. According to some, her name was Maqueda f765, and, as others say, Balkis f766: a Jewish chronologer f767 tells us, that the queen of Sheba, who is called Nicolaa, of the kingdom of Jaman, or the south, came to Solomon, to hear his wisdom, and gave him much riches: and Josephus f768 calls her Nicaulis, queen of Egypt and Ethiopia; of whom it is…”

“The queen of the south shall rise up in the judgment with this generation, &c.--The queen of Sheba (a tract in Arabia, near the shores of the Red Sea) came from a remote country, "south" of Judea, to hear the wisdom of a mere man, though a gifted one, and was transported with wonder at what she saw and heard (Kg1 10:1-9). They, when a Greater than Solomon had come to them, despised and rejected, slighted and slandered Him.”

“We would see a sign from thee - See Luke 11:16, Luke 11:29-32. A “sign” commonly signifies a miracle - that is, a sign that God was with the person or had sent him. Compare the notes at Isaiah 7:11. Luke adds that this was done “tempting him;” that is, trying him, doubting if he had the power to do it. If these persons had been present with him for any considerable time, they had already seen sufficient proofs that he was what he claimed to be. They might have been, however, those who had recently come, and then the emphasis must be laid on “we” - we, as well as the others, would see a proof that thou art the Christ. In either case it was a temptation. If they had not seen him work a…”

“She came from the uttermost parts of the earth - That part of Arabia from which she came was the uttermost part of the earth that way, being bounded by the sea. Kg1 10:1. Matthew 12:43”

“12:42 The queen of Sheba: See 1 Kgs 10:1-13.”

“queen: Kg1 10:1-13; Ch2 9:1-12; Luk 11:31, Luk 11:32; Act 8:27, Act 8:28 hear: Kg1 3:9, Kg1 3:12, Kg1 3:28, Kg1 4:29, Kg1 4:34, Kg1 5:12, Kg1 10:4, Kg1 10:7, Kg1 10:24 behold: Mat 3:17, Mat 17:5; Isa 7:14, Isa 9:6, Isa 9:7; Joh 1:14, Joh 1:18; Phi 2:6, Phi 2:7; Heb 1:2-4 Matthew 12:43”