Matthew 10:2

“Now the names of the twelve apostles are these, etc.] This is the first time these disciples are called “apostles”, they were learners before; now being instructed, they are sent forth to preach publicly, and therefore are called apostles, or messengers, persons that were sent: so the elders of the priesthood are called ˆyd tyb yjwlç, “the apostles”, or messengers “of the sanhedrim” f595, to whom the high priest were delivered, before the day of atonement. So six months in the year, µyjwlç, “apostles”, or messengers, were sent by the f596 sanhedrim, throughout all the land of Israel, and to the captive Jews in other parts, to give notice of the new moon; in allusion to which, the disciples…”

“Now the names of the twelve apostles are these--The other Evangelists enumerate the twelve in immediate connection with their appointment (Mar 3:13-19; Luk 6:13-16). But our Evangelist, not intending to record the appointment, but only the Mission of the Twelve, gives their names here. And as in the Acts (Act 1:13) we have a list of the Eleven who met daily in the upper room with the other disciples after their Master's ascension until the day of Pentecost, we have four catalogues in all for comparison. The first, Simon, who is called Peter--(See on Joh 1:42). and Andrew his brother; James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother--named after James, as the younger of the two.”

“Now the names of the twelve apostles - The account of their being called is more fully given in Mark 3:13-18, and Luke 6:12-19. Each of those evangelists has recorded the circumstances of their appointment. They agree in saying it was done on a mountain; and, according to Luke, it was done before the sermon on the mount was delivered, perhaps on the same mountain, near Capernaum. Luke adds that the night previous had been spent “in prayer” to God. See the notes at Luke 6:12. Simon, who is called Peter - The word “Peter” means a rock. He was also called Cephas, Joh 1:42; 1 Corinthians 1:12; 1 Corinthians 3:22; 1 Corinthians 15:5; Galatians 2:9. This was a Syro-Chaldaic word signifying the…”

“The first, Simon - The first who was called to a constant attendance on Christ; although Andrew had seen him before Simon. Act 1:13. Matthew 10:3”

“10:2-4 The four lists of the apostles (see also Mark 3:16-19; Luke 6:14-16; Acts 1:13) are all different, although the differences are minimal. The order within each list varies slightly, but only the names Thaddaeus (10:3; Mark 3:18) and Judas son of James (Luke 6:16; Acts 1:13) differ. They might be two names for the same man. 10:2 The apostles are ambassadors or messengers, authorized and sent by an authority to represent and accomplish prescribed tasks (see 10:1-8, 40; 28:16-20). The term is also used for Paul (Gal 1:1). • first, Simon (also called Peter): Peter had priority in time (Matt 4:18-22; 16:17-19) and position as the representative leader of the apostles (see 19:27; 26:33; Acts…”

“apostles: Luk 6:13, Luk 9:10, Luk 11:49, Luk 22:14; Act 1:26; Eph 4:11; Heb 3:1; Rev 18:20 Simon: Mat 4:18, Mat 16:16-18; Mar 1:16, Mar 1:17, Mar 3:16; Luk 6:14; Joh 1:40-42; Act 1:13; Pe1 1:1; Pe2 1:1 Andrew: Mar 1:29, Mar 3:18, Mar 13:3; Joh 6:8, Joh 12:22 James: Mat 4:21, Mat 17:1, Mat 20:20, Mat 26:37; Mar 3:17; Luk 5:10; Joh 21:2; Act 12:2; Co1 15:7 John: Luk 22:8; Joh 13:23, Joh 20:2, Joh 21:20, Joh 21:24; Act 3:1; Jo1 1:3, Jo1 1:4; Jo2 1:1; Jo3 1:1; Rev 1:1, Rev 1:9, Rev 22:8 Matthew 10:3”