Job 39:21

Old Testament Wisdom/Poetry ASV (1901)

What does Job 39:21 say?

The American Standard Version records this verse as: “He paweth in the valley, and rejoiceth in his strength: He goeth out to meet the armed men.” Read the surrounding verses and the named sources below before drawing broader conclusions.

The verse

He paweth in the valley, and rejoiceth in his strength: He goeth out to meet the armed men.
Job 39:21 — American Standard Version

Context — Job 39

American Standard Version (1901) — public domain. Click any verse for its study page.
21He paweth in the valley, and rejoiceth in his strength: He goeth out to meet the armed men.

What do historical commentaries say?

John Gill's Exposition
John Gill (1697–1771) · Exposition of the Old and New Testament · 18th-century historical commentary
“He paweth in the valley, etc.] Where armies are usually pitched and set in battle army, and especially the cavalry, for which the valley is most convenient; and here the horse is impatient of engaging, cannot stand still, but rises up with his fore feet and paws and prances, and, as the word signifies, digs the earth and makes it hollow, by a continual striking upon it; so generally horses are commonly described in this manner f1407; and rejoiceth in [his] strength; of which he is sensible, and glories in it; marches to the battle with pride and stateliness, defying, as it were, the enemy, and as if sure of victory, of which he has knowledge when obtained; for Lactantius says f1408 of…”
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Jamieson, Fausset & Brown
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset & David Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible · 19th-century historical commentary
“valley--where the battle is joined. goeth on--goeth forth (Num 1:3; Num 21:23).”
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Barnes' Notes
Albert Barnes (1798–1870) · Notes on the Whole Bible · 19th-century historical commentary
“He paweth in the valley - Margin, “or, His feet dig.” The marginal reading is more in accordance with the Hebrew. The reference is to the well known fact of the “pawing” of the horse with his feet, as if he would dig up the ground. The same idea occurs in Virgil, as quoted above: caavatque Tellurem, et solido graviter solar ungula cornu. Also in Apollonius, L. iii. “Argonauticon:” Ὡς δ ̓ ἀρήΐος ἵππος, ἐελδόμενος πολεμοίο, Σκαρθμῷ ἐπιχρεμέθων κρούει πέδον. Hōs d' arēios hippos, eeldomenos polemoio, Skarthmō epichremethōn krouei pedon. “As a war-horse, impatient for the battle, Neighing beats the ground with bis hoofs” He goeth on to meet the armed men - Margin, “armor.” The…”
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Wesley's Explanatory Notes
John Wesley (1703–1791) · Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament and Old Testament notes · 18th-century historical commentary
“Valley - Battles used to be pitched in valleys, or low grounds, especially horse battles. Job 39:23”
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Treasury of Scriptural Knowledge
R. A. Torrey and contributors · The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge · Cross-reference reference work
“He paweth: or, His feet dig, Jdg 5:22 and: Sa1 17:4-10, Sa1 17:42; Psa 19:5; Jer 9:23 he goeth: Pro 21:31; Jer 8:6 armed men: Heb. armour Job 39:22”
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Related study paths

Sources and verification