Isaiah 10:16

“Therefore shall the Lord, the Lord of hosts, &c.] Because of the pride, and arrogance, and vain boasting of the Assyrian monarch, which was resented by the Lord, he is threatened with what follows; and in order to humble him, and to show that God is above him, these titles are used; “the Lord”, the Lord of the whole earth, and the King of kings, and Lord of lords; “the Lord of hosts”, of armies above and below, of more and greater armies than what the king of Assyria was lord of; and therefore he might be assured that what is hereafter threatened would be fulfilled, namely, send among his fat ones leanness; the Targum is, among his princes, who abounded in riches and honour; or his army, and…”

“fat ones-- (Isa 5:17). The robust and choice soldiers of Assyria (Psa 78:31, where "fattest" answers in the parallelism to "chosen," or "young men," Margin). leanness--carrying out the image on "fat ones." Destruction (Psa 106:15). Fulfilled (Isa 37:36). his glory--Assyria's nobles. So in Isa 5:13, Margin; Isa 8:7. kindle--a new image from fire consuming quickly dry materials (Zac 12:6).”

“Therefore shall the Lord - Hebrew, אדון 'ādôn. The Lord of hosts - In the present Hebrew text, the original word is also אדני 'ădonāy, but fifty-two manuscripts and six editions read Jehovah. On the meaning of the phrase, “the Lord of hosts,” see the note at Isaiah 1:9. This verse contains a threatening of the punishment that would come upon the Assyrian for his insolence and pride, and the remainder of the chapter is mainly occupied with the details of that punishment. The punishment here threatened is, that while he appeared to be a victor, and was boasting of success and of his plunder, God would send leanness - as a body becomes wasted with disease. His fat ones - That is, those who…”

“The Lord - The sovereign Lord of thine and all other armies, shall strip him and all his princes, of their wealth, and might, and glory; and destroy his numerous army, as the fire doth those combustible things which are cast into it. Isaiah 10:17”

“10:16 The fulfillment of this prophecy was in 701 BC, when 185,000 Assyrian troops were killed by plague and flaming fire (see 37:36).”

“the Lord of hosts: Isa 5:17, Isa 14:24-27, Isa 29:5-8, Isa 37:6, Isa 37:7, Isa 37:29, Isa 37:36; Ch2 32:21; Psa 106:15; Act 12:23 and under: Isa 9:5, Isa 30:30-33, Isa 33:10-14 Isaiah 10:17”

“There follows in the next v. the punishment provoked by such self-deification (cf., Hab 1:11). "Therefore will the Lord, the Lord of hosts, send consumption against his fat men; and under Asshur's glory there burns a brand like a firebrand." Three epithets are here employed to designate God according to His unlimited, all-controlling omnipotence: viz., hâ'âdōn, which is always used by Isaiah in connection with judicial and penal manifestations of power; and adonâi zebâoth, a combination never met with again, similar to the one used in the Elohistic Psalms, Elohim zebaoth (compare, on the other hand, Isa 3:15; Isa 10:23-24). Even here a large number of codices and editions (Norzi's, for…”