Hebrews 8:9

“Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers, etc..] The ancestors of the Jews at Mount Sinai: in the day when I took then, by the hand to lead them out of the land of Egypt; which is mentioned, not only to observe the time when the former covenant was made with the Israelites, which was just upon their deliverance out of Egypt; but also to show their weakness and inability to have delivered themselves, and the tenderness of God towards them; they were like children, they could not help themselves when God took them by the hand, and brought them forth with an outstretched arm; and likewise to expose their ingratitude, and vindicate his conduct towards them: because they…”

“Not according to, &c.--very different from, and far superior to, the old covenant, which only "worked wrath" (Rom 4:15) through man's "not regarding" it. The new covenant enables us to obey by the Spirit's inward impulse producing love because of the forgiveness of our sins. made with--rather as Greek, "made to": the Israelites being only recipients, not coagents [ALFORD] with God. I took them by the hand--as a father takes his child by the hand to support and guide his steps. "There are three periods: (1) that of the promise; (2) that of the pedagogical instruction; (3) that of fulfilment" [BENGEL]. The second, that of the pedagogical pupilage, began at the exodus from Egypt. I regarded…”

“Not according to the covenant ... - An arrangement or dispensation relating mainly to outward observances, and to temporal blessings. The meaning is, that the new dispensation would be different from what was made with them when they came out of Egypt. In what respects it would differ is specified in Hebrews 8:10-12. Because they continued not in my covenant - In Jeremiah, in the Hebrew, this is, “while my covenant they brake.” That is, they failed to comply with the conditions on which I promised to bestow blessings upon them. In Jeremiah this is stated as a simple fact; in the manner in which the apostle quotes it, it is given as a reason why he would give a new arrangement. The apostle…”

“When I took them by the hand - With the care and tenderness of a parent. And just while this was fresh in their memory, they obeyed; but presently after they shook off the yoke. They continued not in my covenant, and I regarded them not - So that covenant was soon broken in pieces. Hebrews 8:10”

“8:9 God made a covenant with their ancestors at Sinai (Exod 19:1-8; 24:7-8; 34:27-28; Deut 4:13). • I took them by the hand: In rescuing his people from the land of Egypt, God led them as a parent might lead a child that could not fend for itself (see Exod 12–14). • They did not remain faithful: See Heb 3:7-19; Num 14:1-38; Deut 9; Ps 106. • so I turned my back on them: The covenant warned that if the people turned away, God would turn away from them (see Deut 28:15-68; 30:11-20; 1 Kgs 8:22-53; 2 Chr 6:12-42).”

“the covenant: Heb 9:18-20; Exo 24:3-11, Exo 34:10, Exo 34:27, Exo 34:28; Deu 5:2, Deu 5:3, Deu 29:1, Deu 29:12; Gal 3:15-19; Gal 4:24 I took: Gen 19:16; Job 8:20 \*marg. Sol 8:5; Isa 41:13, Isa 51:18; Mar 8:23; Act 9:8, Act 13:11 to lead: Exo 19:4, Exo 19:5; Psa 77:20, Psa 78:52-54, Psa 105:43, Psa 136:11-14; Isa 40:11, Isa 63:9; Isa 63:11-13 they continued: Exo 32:8; Deu 29:25, Deu 31:16-18; Jos 23:15, Jos 23:16; Kg2 17:15-18; Psa 78:10; Psa 78:11, Psa 78:57; Isa 24:5, Isa 24:6; Jer 11:7, Jer 11:8, Jer 22:8, Jer 22:9, Jer 31:32; Eze 16:8, Eze 16:59; Eze 20:37, Eze 20:38 regarded: Jdg 10:13, Jdg 10:14; Lam 4:16; Amo 5:22; Mal 2:13 Hebrews 8:10”