Hebrews 1:13

“But to which of the angels said he at any time, etc..] That is, he never said to any of them in his council, or covenant; he never designed to give them any such honour, as hereafter expressed; he never promised it to them, or bestowed it on them; he never called up any of them to so high a place, or to such a dignity: sit on my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool; yet this he said to his Son, (<19B001>Psalm 110:1) for to him, the Messiah, are they spoken, and have had their fulfilment in him: (see Gill on “<402244>Matthew 22:44”); and therefore he must be greater than the angels.”

“Quotation from Psa 110:1. The image is taken from the custom of conquerors putting the feet on the necks of the conquered (Jos 10:24-25).”

“But to which of the angels - The apostle adduces one other proof of the exaltation of the Son of God above the angels. He asks where there is an instance in which God had addressed any one of the angels, and asked him to sit at his right hand until he should subdue his enemies under him? Yet that high honor had been conferred on the Son of God; and he was therefore far exalted above them. “Sit on my right hand;” see notes on Hebrews 1:3. This passage is taken from Psalms 110:1, a Psalm that is repeatedly quoted in this Epistle as referring to the Messiah, and the very passage before is applied by the Saviour to himself, in Matthew 22:43-44, and by Peter it is applied to him in Acts 2:34-35.…”

“Psa 110:1. Hebrews 1:14”

“1:13 In climactic fashion, the author ends his string of Old Testament quotations (see study note on 1:5-14) by quoting from Ps 110:1 in celebration of Christ’s exaltation (see also study notes on Luke 20:42-43; 22:69; 1 Cor 15:25; Eph 1:19-22). • The image of the Son’s enemies as a footstool under his feet represents their absolute subjugation (see Heb 2:8). In the ancient world, a victorious king would place his foot on the neck or back of an enemy as a symbolic act of domination.”

“to: Heb 1:5 Sit: Heb 1:3, Heb 10:12; Psa 110:1; Mat 22:44; Mar 12:36; Luk 20:42; Act 2:34-36, Act 7:55 until: Psa 21:8, Psa 21:9, Psa 132:18; Isa 63:3-6; Luk 19:27; Co1 15:25, Co1 15:26; Rev 19:11-21; Rev 20:15 Hebrews 1:14”