Genesis 4:12

Old Testament Law (Torah) ASV (1901)

What does Genesis 4:12 say?

The American Standard Version records this verse as: “when thou tillest the ground, it shall not henceforth yield unto thee its strength; a fugitive and a wanderer shalt thou be in the earth.” Read the surrounding verses and the named sources below before drawing broader conclusions.

The verse

when thou tillest the ground, it shall not henceforth yield unto thee its strength; a fugitive and a wanderer shalt thou be in the earth.
Genesis 4:12 — American Standard Version

Context — Genesis 4

American Standard Version (1901) — public domain. Click any verse for its study page.
12when thou tillest the ground, it shall not henceforth yield unto thee its strength; a fugitive and a wanderer shalt thou be in the earth.

What do historical commentaries say?

John Gill's Exposition
John Gill (1697–1771) · Exposition of the Old and New Testament · 18th-century historical commentary
“When thou tillest the ground, etc.] Which was the business he was brought up in and followed, (<010402>Genesis 4:2) it shall not henceforth yield unto thee her strength; the earth had been cursed for Adam’s sin, and was not so fruitful as in its original state; and now it was cursed again for Cain’s sin; not the whole earth, but that part which belonged to Cain, and was cultivated by him; and so it must be supposed to be cursed, not only in the spot where he had been settled, but in every other place where he should come and occupy, and which through this additional curse became so barren that it did not yield such good fruits, and such an increase of it as before; it lost its native and…”
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Jamieson, Fausset & Brown
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset & David Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible · 19th-century historical commentary
“a fugitive--condemned to perpetual exile; a degraded outcast; the miserable victim of an accusing conscience.”
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Barnes' Notes
Albert Barnes (1798–1870) · Notes on the Whole Bible · 19th-century historical commentary
“- Section IV - The Family of Adam - Cain and Abel 1. קין qayı̂n, Qain (Cain), “spear-shaft,” and קנה qānah, “set up, establish, gain, buy,” contain the biliteral root קן qan, “set up, erect, gain.” The relations of root words are not confined to the narrow rules of our common etymology, but really extend to such instinctive usages as the unlettered speaker will invent or employ. A full examination of the Hebrew tongue leads to the conclusion that a biliteral root lies at the base of many of those triliterals that consist of two firm consonants and a third weaker one varying in itself and its position. Thus, יטב yāṭab and טיב ṭôb. So קין qayı̂n and קנה qānah grow from one root. 2. הבל…”
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Treasury of Scriptural Knowledge
R. A. Torrey and contributors · The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge · Cross-reference reference work
“driven: Job 15:20-24; Pro 14:32, Pro 28:1; Isa 8:22; Hos 13:3 from thy: Gen 4:16; Job 21:14, Job 21:15; Psa 51:11-14, Psa 143:7; Mat 25:41, Mat 25:46; Th2 1:9 fugitive: Deu 28:65; Psa 109:10 that: Gen 4:15, Gen 9:5, Gen 9:6; Lev 26:17, Lev 26:36; Num 17:12, Num 17:13, Num 35:19, Num 35:21, Num 35:27; Sa2 14:7; Job 15:20-24; Pro 28:1 Genesis 4:15”
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Related study paths

Sources and verification