Genesis 29:31

Old Testament Law (Torah) ASV (1901)

What does Genesis 29:31 say?

The American Standard Version records this verse as: “And Jehovah saw that Leah was hated, and he opened her womb. But Rachel was barren.” Read the surrounding verses and the named sources below before drawing broader conclusions.

The verse

And Jehovah saw that Leah was hated, and he opened her womb. But Rachel was barren.
Genesis 29:31 — American Standard Version

Context — Genesis 29

American Standard Version (1901) — public domain. Click any verse for its study page.
31And Jehovah saw that Leah was hated, and he opened her womb. But Rachel was barren.

What do historical commentaries say?

John Gill's Exposition
John Gill (1697–1771) · Exposition of the Old and New Testament · 18th-century historical commentary
“And when the Lord saw that Leah [was] hated, etc.] Not properly and simply hated by Jacob, as appears by his doing the duty of an husband to her, but comparatively; she was less loved than Rachel: and there are many things to be said for it; she was not beautiful as Rachel was; she was not Jacob’s choice, as she was but imposed upon him through deceit, and he was forced to marry her, or he could not have Rachel his beloved wife: but the Lord had pity on her, and that she might have a share in her husband’s affections, he opened her womb; or gave her conception; as Onkelos paraphrases it: but Rachel [was] barren; bare no children as yet, and for many years after, (<013022>Genesis 30:22-24).”
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Jamieson, Fausset & Brown
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset & David Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible · 19th-century historical commentary
“Leah . . . hated--that is, not loved so much as she ought to have been. Her becoming a mother ensured her rising in the estimation both of her husband and of society.”
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Tyndale Open Study Notes
Tyndale House Publishers · Tyndale Open Study Notes · Modern study notes
“29:31–30:24 The rivalry between these sisters explains much of the later rivalry among their sons, and then among the tribes, just as the rivalry between Jacob and Laban foreshadowed conflict between Israel and the Arameans of Damascus (2 Sam 8:5-6; 10:8-19; 1 Kgs 20:1-34; 2 Kgs 5:1–8:29; 13:1-25; Isa 7:1-9). • God champions the cause of the poor and oppressed; he exalted Leah, the despised first wife, as the first to become a mother. Judah’s kingly tribe and Levi’s priestly line came through her despite Jacob’s favoritism for Rachel and her children. Despite the tension and jealousy resulting from Laban’s treachery and Jacob’s favoritism, God still built Jacob’s family and brought about the…”
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Related study paths

Sources and verification