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Ezekiel 27:11

Old Testament Major Prophet ASV (1901)

What does Ezekiel 27:11 say?

The American Standard Version records this verse as: “The men of Arvad with thine army were upon thy walls round about, and valorous men were in thy towers; they hanged their shields upon thy walls round about; they have perfected thy beauty.” Read the surrounding verses and the named sources below before drawing broader conclusions.

The verse

The men of Arvad with thine army were upon thy walls round about, and valorous men were in thy towers; they hanged their shields upon thy walls round about; they have perfected thy beauty.
Ezekiel 27:11 — American Standard Version

Context — Ezekiel 27

American Standard Version (1901) — public domain. Click any verse for its study page.
8The inhabitants of Sidon and Arvad were thy rowers: thy wise men, O Tyre, were in thee, they were thy pilots.
9The old men of Gebal and the wise men thereof were in thee thy calkers: all the ships of the sea with their mariners were in thee to deal in thy merchandise.
10Persia and Lud and Put were in thine army, thy men of war: they hanged the shield and helmet in thee; they set forth thy comeliness.
11The men of Arvad with thine army were upon thy walls round about, and valorous men were in thy towers; they hanged their shields upon thy walls round about; they have perfected thy beauty.
12Tarshish was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of all kinds of riches; with silver, iron, tin, and lead, they traded for thy wares.
13Javan, Tubal, and Meshech, they were thy traffickers; they traded the persons of men and vessels of brass for thy merchandise.
14They of the house of Togarmah traded for thy wares with horses and war-horses and mules.
← Ezekiel 27:10Ezekiel 27:12 →
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What do historical commentaries say?

John Gill's Exposition
John Gill (1697–1771) · Exposition of the Old and New Testament · 18th-century historical commentary
“The men of Arvad, with thine army were upon thy walls round about, &c.] Placed there for the defence of the city, to watch against an enemy, lest it should be surprised; here they were upon the patrol day and night; (see <236206>Isaiah 62:6), these were the men of the same place before mentioned, (<262708>Ezekiel 27:8) which furnished Tyre both with mariners and soldiers: and the Gammadims were in thy towers: not the Medes, as Symmachus renders it; nor the Cappadocians, as the Targum; much less were they images of their tutelar gods, as Spencer thinks, of a cubit long; nor “pygmies”, as the Vulgate Latin version renders it; which to mention would not be to the honour of their militia; though…”
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Jamieson, Fausset & Brown
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset & David Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible · 19th-century historical commentary
“Gammadims--rather, as the Tyrians were Syro-PhÅ“nicians, from a Syriac root, meaning daring, "men of daring" [LUDOVICUS DE DIEU]. It is not likely the keeping of watch "in the towers" would have been entrusted to foreigners. Others take it from a Hebrew root, "a dagger," or short sword (Jdg 3:16), short-swordsmen."”
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Barnes' Notes
Albert Barnes (1798–1870) · Notes on the Whole Bible · 19th-century historical commentary
“The prophet here leaves the allegory of the ship to describe the armies of the Tyrians composed of mercenary soldiers. Ezekiel 27:10 Persia - The name of this people does not occur in the more ancient books of the Old Testament; but in the books of the exile and after the exile it is frequent. This exactly corresponds with the record of history. It was just at the time that Ezekiel wrote that the rude and warlike people of Persia were rising into notice, soon about to seize, under Cyrus, the empire of the Asiatic world. Lud - See Genesis 10:13. The union here of “Lud with Phut,” an undoubtedly African tribe (compare Ezekiel 30:5; Isaiah 66:19) seems to indicate Lud to be of Hamitic race, not…”
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Wesley's Explanatory Notes
John Wesley (1703–1791) · Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament and Old Testament notes · 18th-century historical commentary
“With - Mixed with other hired soldiers. The Gammadim - Probably men of Gammade, a town of Phoenicia. Ezekiel 27:13”
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Tyndale Open Study Notes
Tyndale House Publishers · Tyndale Open Study Notes · Modern study notes
“27:11 Helech is Cilicia, the area around Tarsus on the northeast shore of the Mediterranean. • The location of Gammad is less certain, but it may have been in northern Syria.”
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Treasury of Scriptural Knowledge
R. A. Torrey and contributors · The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge · Cross-reference reference work
“of Arvad: Eze 27:8 they have: Eze 27:3, Eze 27:4 Ezekiel 27:12”
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Related study paths

Read Ezekiel 27 in contextBrowse Hebrew word studiesOpen this verse in the study reader

Sources and verification