Ezekiel 17:18

“Seeing he despised the oath, by breaking the covenant, &c.] This is repeated again, to show the heinousness of the sin Zedekiah had been guilty of, and what was the cause of his ruin: when, lo, he had given his hand; to the king of Babylon, to testify his hearty agreement with him, and that he might depend upon the oath and covenant being sacredly observed by him. This was a rite for custom frequently and early used in different nations, when covenants and agreements were entered into; we find it used in the times of Homerf260; and among the Romans. When Antoninus, Lepidus, and Octavius made peace, the historian saysf261, they joined their hands together. Virgilf262 speaks of the same…”

“given his hand--in ratification of the oath (Kg2 10:15; Ezr 10:19), and also in token of subjection to Nebuchadnezzar (Ch1 29:24, Margin; Ch2 30:8, Margin; Lam 5:6).”

“Given his hand - Solemnly confirming the oath. Ezekiel 17:20”

“Seeing: Though Zedekiah's oath had been given to a heathen, a conqueror, and a tyrant, yet God considered the violation of it a most aggravated sin against Him, and determined to punish him for it. he: Ch1 29:24; Ch2 30:8 \*marg. Lam 5:6 he shall: Eze 17:15 Ezekiel 17:19”