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Exodus 9:35

Old Testament Law (Torah) ASV (1901)

What does Exodus 9:35 say?

The American Standard Version records this verse as: “And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not let the children of Israel go, as Jehovah had spoken by Moses.” Read the surrounding verses and the named sources below before drawing broader conclusions.

The verse

And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not let the children of Israel go, as Jehovah had spoken by Moses.
Exodus 9:35 — American Standard Version

Context — Exodus 9

American Standard Version (1901) — public domain. Click any verse for its study page.
32But the wheat and the spelt were not smitten: for they were not grown up.
33And Moses went out of the city from Pharaoh, and spread abroad his hands unto Jehovah: and the thunders and hail ceased, and the rain was not poured upon the earth.
34And when Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and the thunders were ceased, he sinned yet more, and hardened his heart, he and his servants.
35And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not let the children of Israel go, as Jehovah had spoken by Moses.
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What do historical commentaries say?

John Gill's Exposition
John Gill (1697–1771) · Exposition of the Old and New Testament · 18th-century historical commentary
“And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, etc.] Instead of being softened, as it seemed to be when under the plague, it became harder and harder when delivered from it: neither would he let the children of Israel go; though he had so absolutely promised it, and assured them that he would not keep them, and that they should not stay any longer: as the Lord had spoken by Moses; that so his heart would be hardened until the signs and wonders were multiplied upon him, God designed to perform, (<020421>Exodus 4:21 7:3).”
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Barnes' Notes
Albert Barnes (1798–1870) · Notes on the Whole Bible · 19th-century historical commentary
“Hardened - Different words in the Hebrew. In Exodus 9:34 the word means “made heavy,” i. e. obtuse, incapable of forming a right judgment; in Exodus 9:35 it is stronger, and implies a stubborn resolution. return to 'Top of Page' Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Barnes, Albert. "Commentary on Exodus 9". "Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible". https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/eng/bnb/exodus-9.html. 1870. StudyLight.org &copy;&#160;2001-2026 Powered by Lightspeed Technology”
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Related study paths

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Sources and verification