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Exodus 7:13

Old Testament Law (Torah) ASV (1901)

What does Exodus 7:13 say?

The American Standard Version records this verse as: “And Pharaoh`s heart was hardened, and he hearkened not unto them; as Jehovah had spoken.” Read the surrounding verses and the named sources below before drawing broader conclusions.

The verse

And Pharaoh`s heart was hardened, and he hearkened not unto them; as Jehovah had spoken.
Exodus 7:13 — American Standard Version

Context — Exodus 7

American Standard Version (1901) — public domain. Click any verse for its study page.
10And Moses and Aaron went in unto Pharaoh, and they did so, as Jehovah had commanded: and Aaron cast down his rod before Pharaoh and before his servants, and it became a serpent.
11Then Pharaoh also called for the wise men and the sorcerers: and they also, the magicians of Egypt, did in like manner with their enchantments.
12For they cast down every man his rod, and they became serpents: but Aaron`s rod swallowed up their rods.
13And Pharaoh`s heart was hardened, and he hearkened not unto them; as Jehovah had spoken.
14And Jehovah said unto Moses, Pharaoh`s heart is stubborn, he refuseth to let the people go.
15Get thee unto Pharaoh in the morning; lo, he goeth out unto the water; and thou shalt stand by the river`s brink to meet him; and the rod which was turned to a serpent shalt thou take in thy hand.
16And thou shalt say unto him, Jehovah, the God of the Hebrews, hath sent me unto thee, saying, Let my people go, that they may serve me in the wilderness: and, behold, hitherto thou hast not hearkened.
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What do historical commentaries say?

John Gill's Exposition
John Gill (1697–1771) · Exposition of the Old and New Testament · 18th-century historical commentary
“And he hardened Pharaoh’s heart, etc.] Or, “notwithstanding the heart of Pharaoh was hardened” f198; though he saw the rods of his magicians devoured by rod; or “therefore” f199 his heart was hardened, because he saw that the rods of his magicians became serpents as well as Aaron’s; in which there was a deception of sight, and which was suffered for the hardening of his heart, there being other wonders and miracles to be wrought, for showing forth the divine power, before Israel must be let go: that he hearkened not unto them; to Moses and Aaron, and comply with their demand, to dismiss the people of Israel: as the Lord had said; or foretold he would not.”
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Barnes' Notes
Albert Barnes (1798–1870) · Notes on the Whole Bible · 19th-century historical commentary
“And he hardened - Or Pharaoh’s heart was hardened. See Exodus 4:21. return to 'Top of Page'”
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Wesley's Explanatory Notes
John Wesley (1703–1791) · Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament and Old Testament notes · 18th-century historical commentary
“And he harden'd Pharaoh's heart - That is, permitted it to be hardened. Exodus 7:20”
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Treasury of Scriptural Knowledge
R. A. Torrey and contributors · The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge · Cross-reference reference work
“Exo 7:4, Exo 4:21, Exo 8:15, Exo 10:1, Exo 10:20, Exo 10:27, Exo 14:17; Deu 2:30; Zac 7:11, Zac 7:12; Rom 1:28, Rom 2:5; Heb 3:7, Heb 3:8, Heb 3:13 Exodus 7:14”
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Related study paths

Read Exodus 7 in contextBrowse Hebrew word studiesOpen this verse in the study reader

Sources and verification