Exodus 34:27

“And the Lord said unto Moses, etc.] Being still with him on the mount: write thou these words; expressed in the preceding verses, from (<023411>Exodus 34:11-27), as he before had written in a book all those laws, contained in (<022101>Exodus 21:1-23:33) called the book of the covenant, (<022404>Exodus 24:4,7) and which perhaps might be destroyed, as well as the two tables were broken; and therefore upon the renewal of the covenant here, there is a repetition made of the principal laws before given, which are ordered also to be written in a book, which may very well be called by the same name, since it follows: for after the tenor of these words I have made a covenant with thee and with…”

“And the Lord said unto Moses, Write thou these words--that is, the ceremonial and judicial injunctions comprehended above (Exo. 34:11-26); while the rewriting of the ten commandments on the newly prepared slabs was done by God Himself (compare Deu 10:1-4).”

“The precepts contained in these verses are, for the most part, identical in substance with some of those which follow the Ten Commandments and are recorded in “the Book of the covenant” (Exo. 20–23; see Exodus 24:7). Exodus 34:13 Cut down their groves - This is the first reference to what is commonly known as grove-worship. The original word for “grove” in this connection אשׁרה 'ăshêrāh is different from that so rendered in Genesis 21:33. Our translators supposed that what the law commands is the destruction of groves dedicated to the worship of false deities Judges 6:25; 2 Kings 18:4; but inasmuch as the worship of asherah is found associated with that of Astarte, or Ashtoreth Judges…”

“34:27-28 Moses wrote down this reiteration of the general terms of the covenant (34:27). The Ten Commandments, the summary of the terms, were written on the new tablets (34:28).”

“Write: Exo 17:14, Exo 24:4, Exo 24:7; Deu 31:9 I have: Exo 34:10; Deu 4:13, Deu 31:9 Exodus 34:28”

“Moses was to write down these words, like the covenant rights and laws that had been given before ( Exo 24:4, Exo 24:7), because Jehovah had concluded the covenant with Moses and Israel according to the tenor of them. By the renewed adoption of the nation, the covenant in ch. 24 was eo ipso restored; so that no fresh conclusion of this covenant was necessary, and the writing down of the fundamental conditions of the covenant was merely intended as a proof of its restoration. It does not appear in the least degree "irreconcilable," therefore, with the writing down of the covenant rights before Knobel). Exo 34:28 Moses remained upon the mountain forty days, just as on the former occasion (cf.…”