Ephesians 1:22

“And hath put all things under his feet, &c.] These words are taken out of (<190806>Psalm 8:6). (See Gill on “<461527>1 Corinthians 15:27”). And gave him to be the head over all things to the church; the Vulgate Latin version reads, “and gave him to be the head over every church”, or “all the church”; the Ethiopic version, “the whole church”; which intends not barely professors of religion, or a family of faithful persons, or a particular congregation, in which sense the word is sometimes used; but the whole body of God's elect, the church, which is built on Christ the rock, for which he gave himself, and which is the general assembly and church of the firstborn, whose names are written in…”

“put . . . under--Greek, "put in subjection under" (Psa 8:6; Co1 15:27). gave . . . to the church--for her special advantage. The Greek order is emphatic: "HIM He gave as Head over all things to the Church." Had it been anyone save HIM, her Head, it would not have been the boon it is to the Church. But as He is Head over all things who is also her Head (and she the body), all things are hers (Co1 3:21-23). He is OVER ("far above") all things; in contrast to the words, "TO the Church," namely, for her advantage. The former are subject; the latter is joined with Him in His dominion over them. "Head" implies not only His dominion, but our union; therefore, while we look upon Him at the right…”

“And hath put all things under his feet - See the notes at 1 Corinthians 15:27. And gave him to be the head over all things - Appointed him to be the supreme ruler. To the church - With reference to the church, or for ira benefit and welfare: see the notes or, John 17:2. The universe is under his control and direction for the welfare of his people. (1) All the elements - the physical works of God - the winds and waves - the seas and rivers - all are under him, and all are to be made tributary to the welfare of the church. (2) Earthly kings and rulers; kingdoms and nations are under his control. Thus far Christ has controlled all the wicked rulers of the earth, and they have not been able to…”

“And he hath given him to be head over all things to the church - An head both of guidance and government, and likewise of life and influence, to the whole and every member of it. All these stand in the nearest union with him, and have as continual and effectual a communication of activity, growth, and strength from him, as the natural body from its head. Ephesians 1:23”

“1:22 under the authority of Christ (literally under his feet): In pictures from the ancient Near East, victorious kings have their feet on the necks of their defeated enemies. Paul is graphically picturing the way Christ has defeated all his enemies and reigns as king of all things (see Ps 110:1; 1 Cor 15:25-28).”

“put: Gen 3:15; Psa 8:6-8, Psa 91:13; Co1 15:25-27; Heb 2:8 gave: Eph 4:15, Eph 4:16; Co1 11:3; Col 1:8, Col 2:10, Col 2:19 to the: Eph 3:21; Mat 16:18; Act 20:28; Ti1 3:15; Heb 12:22-24 Ephesians 1:23”