Deuteronomy 29:10

“Ye stand this day all of you before the Lord your God, etc.] Being gathered together at the door of the tabernacle, at the summons of Moses. Aben Ezra interprets it round about the ark, which was the symbol of the divine Presence: your captains of your tribes; the heads and rulers of them: your elders and your officers, [with] all the men of Israel; not the seventy elders only, but their elders in their several tribes, cities, and families, men of gravity and prudence, as well as of age, and who were in some place of power and authority or another: and the “officers” may design such who attended the judges, and executed their orders; (see <051618>Deuteronomy 16:18); and with them were the…”

“Ye stand this day all of you before the Lord your God--The whole congregation of Israel, of all ages and conditions, all--young as well as old; menials as well as masters; native Israelites as well as naturalized strangers--all were assembled before the tabernacle to renew the Sinaitic covenant. None of them were allowed to consider themselves as exempt from the terms of that national compact, lest any lapsing into idolatry might prove a root of bitterness, spreading its noxious seed and corrupt influence all around (compare Heb 12:15). It was of the greatest consequence thus to reach the heart and conscience of everyone, for some might delude themselves with the vain idea that by taking the…”

“Deu 4:10, Deu 31:12, Deu 31:13; Ch2 23:16, Ch2 34:29-32; Neh 8:2, Neh 9:1, Neh 9:2, Neh 9:38, Neh 10:28; Joe 2:16, Joe 2:17; Rev 6:15, Rev 20:12 Deuteronomy 29:11”

“Summons to enter into the covenant of the Lord, namely, to enter inwardly, to make the covenant an affair of the heart and life. Deu 29:10 "To-day," when the covenant-law and covenant-right were laid before them, the whole nation stood before the Lord without a single exception - the heads and the tribes, the elders and the officers, all the men of Israel. The two members are parallel. The heads of the people are the elders and officers, and the tribes consist of all the men. The rendering given by the lxx and Syriac (also in the English version: Tr.), "heads (captains) of your tribes," is at variance with the language. Deu 29:11 The covenant of the Lord embraced, however, not only the men…”