Amos 5:2

“The virgin of Israel is fallen, etc.] The kingdom of Israel, so called, because it had never been subdued, or become subject to a foreign power, since it was a kingdom; or because, considered in its ecclesiastic state, it had been espoused to the Lord as a chaste virgin; and perhaps this may be ironically spoken, and refers to its present adulterate and degenerated state worshipping the calves at Daniel and Bethel; or else because of its wealth and riches and the splendour and gaiety in which it appeared; but now, as it had fallen into sin and iniquity, it should quickly fall by it, and on account of it, into ruin and misery; and because of the certainty of it it is represented as if it was…”

“virgin of Israel--the Israelite state heretofore unsubdued by foreigners. Compare Isa 23:12; Jer 18:13; Jer 31:4, Jer 31:21; Lam 2:13; may be interpreted, Thou who wast once the "virgin daughter of Zion." Rather, "virgin" as applied to a state implies its beauty, and the delights on which it prides itself, its luxuries, power, and wealth [CALVIN]. no more rise--in the existing order of things: in the Messianic dispensation it is to rise again, according to many prophecies. Compare Kg2 6:23; Kg2 24:7, for the restricted sense of "no more." forsaken upon her land--or, "prostrated upon," &c. (compare Eze 29:5; Eze 32:4) [MAURER].”

“She hath fallen, she shall rise no more, the virgin of Israel; she hath been dashed down upon her land, there is none to raise her up - Such is the dirge, a dirge like that of David over Saul and Jonathan, over what once was lovely and mighty, but which had perished. He speaks of all as past, and that, irremediably. Israel is one of the things which had been, and which would never again be. He calls her tenderly, “the virgin of Israel,” not as having retained her purity or her fealty to God; still less, with human boastfulness, as though she had as yet been unsubdued by man. For she had been faithless to God, and had been many times conquered by man. Nor does it even seem that God so calls…”

“The virgin - So she was, when first espoused to God. Upon her land - Broken to pieces upon her own land, and so left as a broken vessel. Amos 5:3”

“5:2 When used to describe political powers, virgin refers to a state of being unconquered by a foreign power (e.g., Babylon, Isa 47:1; Jerusalem, Lam 2:13; cp. Lam 1:1).”

“virgin: Isa 37:22; Jer 14:17, Jer 18:13, Jer 31:4; Lam 2:13 is fallen: Kg2 15:29, Kg2 17:16; Isa 3:8; Hos 14:1 she shall: Isa 14:21, Isa 24:20, Isa 43:17; Jer 51:64 she is: Jer 4:20 none: Amo 7:2-5, Amo 9:11; Isa 51:17, Isa 51:18; Jer 2:27, Jer 30:12-14; Lam 1:16-19; Eze 16:36, Eze 16:37; Hos 6:2 Amos 5:3”