2 Peter 2:10

New Testament Epistle (General) ASV (1901)

What does 2 Peter 2:10 say?

The American Standard Version records this verse as: “but chiefly them that walk after the flesh in the lust of defilement, and despise dominion. Daring, self-willed, they tremble not to rail at dignities:” Read the surrounding verses and the named sources below before drawing broader conclusions.

The verse

but chiefly them that walk after the flesh in the lust of defilement, and despise dominion. Daring, self-willed, they tremble not to rail at dignities:
2 Peter 2:10 — American Standard Version

Context — 2 Peter 2

American Standard Version (1901) — public domain. Click any verse for its study page.
10but chiefly them that walk after the flesh in the lust of defilement, and despise dominion. Daring, self-willed, they tremble not to rail at dignities:

What do historical commentaries say?

John Gill's Exposition
John Gill (1697–1771) · Exposition of the Old and New Testament · 18th-century historical commentary
“But chiefly them that walk after the flesh, etc.] Not merely after the dictates of corrupt nature, as all men, and even God's elect do, in a state of unregeneracy; but “after strange flesh”, as (<650107>Jude 1:7) expresses it, after the flesh of men: in the lust of uncleanness; not of fornication and adultery, but of sodomy, and sodomitical practices; sins exceeding great, not only contrary to the law and light of nature, but dishonourable to human nature; and are what prevail where idolatry, infidelity, errors, and heresies do; and which, as they are sins of the deepest dye, deserve the greater damnation, and are chiefly and more especially punished by God with great severity: and despise…”
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Jamieson, Fausset & Brown
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset & David Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible · 19th-century historical commentary
“chiefly--They especially will be punished (Jde 1:8). after--following after. lust of uncleanness--defilement: "hankering after polluting and unlawful use of the flesh" [ALFORD]. government--Greek, "lordship," "dominion" (Jde 1:8). Presumptuous--Greek, "Darers." Self-will begets presumption. Presumptuously daring. are not afraid--though they are so insignificant in might; Greek, "tremble not" (Jde 1:8, end). speak evil of--Greek, "blaspheme." dignities--Greek, "glories."”
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Barnes' Notes
Albert Barnes (1798–1870) · Notes on the Whole Bible · 19th-century historical commentary
“But chiefly - That is, it may be presumed that the principles just laid down would be applicable in an eminent degree to such persons as he proceeds to designate. That walk after the flesh - That live for the indulgence of their carnal appetites. Notes, Romans 8:1. In the lust of uncleanness - In polluted pleasures. Compare the notes at 2 Peter 2:2. And despise government - Margin: “dominion.” That is, they regard all government in the state, the church, and the family, as an evil. Advocates for unbridled freedom of all sorts; declaimers on liberty and on the evils of oppression; defenders of what they regard as the rights of injured man, and yet secretly themselves lusting for the exercise…”
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Wesley's Explanatory Notes
John Wesley (1703–1791) · Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament and Old Testament notes · 18th-century historical commentary
“Chiefly them that walk after the flesh - Corrupt nature; particularly in the lust of uncleanness. And despise government - The authority of their governors. Dignities - Persons in authority. 2 Peter 2:11”
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Tyndale Open Study Notes
Tyndale House Publishers · Tyndale Open Study Notes · Modern study notes
“2:10a twisted sexual desire: The reference is to illicit sexual desire generally and possibly to homosexuality in particular (cp. reference to Sodom and Gomorrah, 2:6). • The false teachers were so arrogant that they refused to listen to any authority but their own. 2:10b-16 This profile of the false teachers focuses more on how they were living than on what they were teaching. 2:10b supernatural beings: Probably evil angels, in contrast to the angels of 2:11. It is wrong to scoff even at evil angels, because they bear the mark of their glorious origin—they have real power and pose a real threat to humans.”
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Treasury of Scriptural Knowledge
R. A. Torrey and contributors · The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge · Cross-reference reference work
“that: Rom 8:1, Rom 8:4, Rom 8:5, Rom 8:12, Rom 8:13; Co2 10:3; Heb 13:4 in the: Rom 1:24-27; Co1 6:9; Eph 4:19, Eph 5:5; Col 3:5; Th1 4:7; Jde 1:4, Jde 1:6-8, Jde 1:10, Jde 1:16 despise: Num 16:12-15; Deu 17:12, Deu 17:13, Deu 21:20, Deu 21:21; Sa1 10:27; Sa2 20:1; Kg1 12:16; Psa 2:1-5, Psa 12:4; Jer 2:31; Luk 19:14; Rom 13:1-5; Pe1 2:13, Pe1 2:14 government: or, dominion Presumptuous: Num 15:30; Jde 1:8 selfwilled: Gen 49:6; Tit 1:7 to speak: Exo 22:28; Ecc 10:6, Ecc 10:7, Ecc 10:20; Act 23:5; Jde 1:8, Jde 1:10 2 Peter 2:11”
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Related study paths

Sources and verification