2 Corinthians 5:21

New Testament Epistle (Pauline) ASV (1901)

What does 2 Corinthians 5:21 say?

The American Standard Version records this verse as: “Him who knew no sin he made [to be] sin on our behalf; that we might become the righteousness of God in him.” Read the surrounding verses and the named sources below before drawing broader conclusions.

The verse

Him who knew no sin he made [to be] sin on our behalf; that we might become the righteousness of God in him.
2 Corinthians 5:21 — American Standard Version

Context — 2 Corinthians 5

American Standard Version (1901) — public domain. Click any verse for its study page.
21Him who knew no sin he made [to be] sin on our behalf; that we might become the righteousness of God in him.

What do historical commentaries say?

John Gill's Exposition
John Gill (1697–1771) · Exposition of the Old and New Testament · 18th-century historical commentary
“For he hath made him to be sin for us, etc..] Christ was made of a woman, took flesh of a sinful woman; though the flesh he took of her was not sinful, being sanctified by the Spirit of God, the former of Christ's human nature: however, he appeared “in the likeness of sinful flesh”; being attended with infirmities, the effects of sin, though sinless; and he was traduced by men as a sinner, and treated as such. Moreover, he was made a sacrifice for sin, in order to make expiation and atonement for it; so the Hebrew word hajj signifies both sin and a sin offering; (see <194006>Psalm 40:6) and so amartia, ( <450803>Romans 8:3 <581006>Hebrews 10:6). But besides all this, he was made sin itself…”
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Jamieson, Fausset & Brown
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset & David Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible · 19th-century historical commentary
“For--omitted in the oldest manuscripts. The grand reason why they should be reconciled to God, namely, the great atonement in Christ provided by God, is stated without the "for" as being part of the message of reconciliation (Co2 5:19). he--God. sin--not a sin offering, which would destroy the antithesis to "righteousness," and would make "sin" be used in different senses in the same sentence: not a sinful person, which would be untrue, and would require in the antithesis "righteous men," not "righteousness"; but "sin," that is, the representative Sin-bearer (vicariously) of the aggregate sin of all men past, present, and future. The sin of the world is one, therefore the singular, not the…”
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Barnes' Notes
Albert Barnes (1798–1870) · Notes on the Whole Bible · 19th-century historical commentary
“For he hath made him to be sin for us - The Greek here is, ‘for him who knew no sin, he hath made sin, or a sin-offering for us.’ The design of this very important verse is, to urge the strongest possible reason for being reconciled to God. This is implied in the word (γὰρ gar) “for.” Paul might have urged other arguments, and presented other strong considerations. But he chooses to present this fact, that Christ has been made sin for us, as embodying and concentrating all. It is the most affecting of all arguments; it is the one that is likely to prove most effectual. It is not indeed improper to urge on people every other consideration to induce them to be reconciled to God. It is not…”
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Wesley's Explanatory Notes
John Wesley (1703–1791) · Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament and Old Testament notes · 18th-century historical commentary
“He made him a sin offering, who knew no sin - A commendation peculiar to Christ. For us - Who knew no righteousness, who were inwardly and outwardly nothing but sin; who must have been consumed by the divine justice, had not this atonement been made for our sins. That we might be made the righteousness of God through him - Might through him be invested wi th that righteousness, first imputed to us, then implanted in us, which is in every sense the righteousness of God. Next: 2 Corinthians Chapter 6”
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Tyndale Open Study Notes
Tyndale House Publishers · Tyndale Open Study Notes · Modern study notes
“5:21 Christ became the offering for our sin on the cross when he took sin’s penalty on himself and died a criminal’s death. He did this, though he himself never sinned (John 8:46; 1 Pet 2:22; 1 Jn 3:5), so that we might be made right with God—i.e., set in right relationship with God and accepted by him (see Gal 3:13).”
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Treasury of Scriptural Knowledge
R. A. Torrey and contributors · The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge · Cross-reference reference work
“he: Isa 53:4-6, Isa 53:9-12; Dan 9:26; Zac 13:7; Rom 8:3; Gal 3:13; Eph 5:2; Pe1 3:18; Jo1 2:1, Jo1 2:2 who: Isa 53:9; Luk 1:35; Heb 7:26; Pe1 2:22-24; Jo1 3:5 we: Co2 5:17; Isa 45:24, Isa 45:25, Isa 53:11; Jer 23:26, Jer 33:16; Dan 9:24; Rom 1:17, Rom 3:21-26; Rom 5:19, Rom 8:1-4, Rom 10:3, Rom 10:4; Co1 1:30; Phi 3:9 Next: 2 Corinthians Chapter 6”
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Related study paths

Sources and verification