1 Samuel 31:4

Old Testament Historical ASV (1901)

What does 1 Samuel 31:4 say?

The American Standard Version records this verse as: “Then said Saul to his armorbearer, Draw thy sword, and thrust me through therewith, lest these uncircumcised come and thrust me through, and abuse me. But his armorbearer would not; for he was sore afraid. Therefore Saul took his sword, and fell upon it.” Read the surrounding verses and the named sources below before drawing broader conclusions.

The verse

Then said Saul to his armorbearer, Draw thy sword, and thrust me through therewith, lest these uncircumcised come and thrust me through, and abuse me. But his armorbearer would not; for he was sore afraid. Therefore Saul took his sword, and fell upon it.
1 Samuel 31:4 — American Standard Version

Context — 1 Samuel 31

American Standard Version (1901) — public domain. Click any verse for its study page.
4Then said Saul to his armorbearer, Draw thy sword, and thrust me through therewith, lest these uncircumcised come and thrust me through, and abuse me. But his armorbearer would not; for he was sore afraid. Therefore Saul took his sword, and fell upon it.

What do historical commentaries say?

John Gill's Exposition
John Gill (1697–1771) · Exposition of the Old and New Testament · 18th-century historical commentary
“Then said Saul unto his armourbearer, etc.] Who, the Jews f566 say, was Doeg the Edomite, promoted to this office for slaying the priests: draw thy sword, and thrust me through therewith; for if he was wounded, yet not mortally, and it is certain he did not so apprehend it. It is much the sword of the armourbearer should be sheathed in a battle; but perhaps he was preparing for flight, and so had put it up in its scabbard: lest these uncircumcised come and thrust me through, and abuse me; lest they should not dispatch him at once, but put him to a lingering and torturing death, and insult him, and mock at him, as they did Samson: but his armourbearer would not, for he was sore afraid; to lay…”
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Tyndale Open Study Notes
Tyndale House Publishers · Tyndale Open Study Notes · Modern study notes
“31:4 David had once held the position of armor bearer (16:21). • kill me: This is one of many parallels between the death of Abimelech in the time of the judges (Judg 9) and Saul, Israel’s first national king (cp. Judg 9:54).”
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Treasury of Scriptural Knowledge
R. A. Torrey and contributors · The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge · Cross-reference reference work
“Draw: Jdg 9:54; Ch1 10:4 uncircumcised: Sa1 14:6, Sa1 17:26, Sa1 17:36; Sa2 1:20; Jer 9:25, Jer 9:26; Eze 44:7-9 abuse me: or, mock me he was sore: Sa2 1:14 Saul: Sa2 1:9, Sa2 1:10, Sa2 17:23; Kg1 16:27 a sword: Eth hacherve, rather, "the sword," i.e., his armour- bearer's, who, according to the Jews, was Doeg; and if so, then Saul and his executioner fell by the same sword with which they massacred the priests of God. 1 Kings (1 Samuel) 31:5”
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Related study paths

Sources and verification