1 Samuel 16:20

Old Testament Historical ASV (1901)

What does 1 Samuel 16:20 say?

The American Standard Version records this verse as: “And Jesse took an ass [laden] with bread, and a bottle of wine, and a kid, and sent them by David his son unto Saul.” Read the surrounding verses and the named sources below before drawing broader conclusions.

The verse

And Jesse took an ass [laden] with bread, and a bottle of wine, and a kid, and sent them by David his son unto Saul.
1 Samuel 16:20 — American Standard Version

Context — 1 Samuel 16

American Standard Version (1901) — public domain. Click any verse for its study page.
20And Jesse took an ass [laden] with bread, and a bottle of wine, and a kid, and sent them by David his son unto Saul.

What do historical commentaries say?

John Gill's Exposition
John Gill (1697–1771) · Exposition of the Old and New Testament · 18th-century historical commentary
“And Jesse took an ass [laden] with bread, etc.] Laden with a load of bread, as the Targum; with as much as it could carry, or was used to carry; the Septuagint version is, an omer of bread, which was as much as a man could eat in one day; and, according to Kimchi and Ben Melech, it may be interpreted an heap of bread, agreeably to the use of the word in (<071516>Judges 15:16), and a bottle of wine; or a skin of wine, a leather bag or sack, which held more than our bottles; the Targum is, a flagon of wine: and a kid; of the goats, as the same Targum: and sent [them] by David his son unto Saul; some think that Jesse suspected that Saul had known the secret of David’s being anointed, and was…”
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Jamieson, Fausset & Brown
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset & David Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible · 19th-century historical commentary
“Jesse took an ass laden with bread, and a bottle of wine, and a kid, and sent them . . . unto Saul--as a token of homage and respect.”
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Wesley's Explanatory Notes
John Wesley (1703–1791) · Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament and Old Testament notes · 18th-century historical commentary
“Sent him - This present, though in our times it would seem contemptible, yet was very agreeable to the usage of those times, and to the condition of Jesse, which was but mean in the world. And it seems to have been the custom of those times, (as it is yet in the eastern countries) when they made their appearance before princes, or great persons, to bring a present. 1 Kings (1 Samuel) 16:21”
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Treasury of Scriptural Knowledge
R. A. Torrey and contributors · The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge · Cross-reference reference work
“an ass laden: Chamor lechem, literally, "an ass of bread," rendered by the LXX γομορ αρτων, a gomor of bread; meaning, probably, not an animal, but a vessel containing a certain measure of bread. Sa1 10:27, Sa1 17:18, Sa1 25:18; Gen 43:11; Sa2 16:1, Sa2 16:2; Pro 18:16 1 Kings (1 Samuel) 16:21”
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Related study paths

Sources and verification