1 Chronicles 2:42

“Now the sons of Caleb the brother of Jerahmeel, etc.] Called Chelubai, (<130209>1 Chronicles 2:9) and is the same Caleb spoken of in (<130218>1 Chronicles 2:18) and his sons next reckoned were by a third wife, Azubah, Ephrath being dead, (<130219>1 Chronicles 2:19) and these sons were Mesha his firstborn, which was the father of Ziph; who gave name to the city of Ziph; there were two of this name in the tribe of Judah, (<061524>Joshua 15:24,55) or this is the title of Mesha, governor of the city of Ziph; so the Targum calls him, prince of the Ziphites: and the sons of Mareshah the father of Hebron; according to Kimchi and Ben Melech, the words are to be supplied thus, “and the sons of Ziph…”

“the sons of Caleb--(compare Ch1 2:18, Ch1 2:25). The sons here noticed were the fruit of his union with a third wife.”

“A third line of descent from Caleb, the son of Hezron, the issue probably of a different mother, perhaps Jerioth 1 Chronicles 2:18. The supposed omissions in this verse have been supplied as follows: (1) “Mesha, the father of Ziph; and the sons of Ziph, Mareshah, the father of Hebron;” or (2) “Mareshah, the father of Ziph; and the sons of Mareshah, the father of Ziph, Hebron.” Ziph, like Jorkoam 1 Chronicles 2:44 and Beth-zur 1 Chronicles 2:45, is the name of a place where the respective chiefs (“fathers”) settled. Similarly Madmannah, Machbenah, and Gibea 1 Chronicles 2:49, Kirjath-jearim (Joshua 9:17 note), Bethlehem and Beth-gader (Jedur, 1 Chronicles 2:51) are unmistakeable names of…”

“Caleb: This was not Caleb the son of Jephunneh, but Caleb the son of Hezron, and therefore called the brother of Jerahmeel. See the parallel texts. Ch1 2:9, Chelubai, Ch1 2:18, Ch1 2:19, Ch1 2:24 his firstborn: Gen 49:3; Exo 4:22, Exo 4:23; Rom 8:29; Heb 12:23 the father: i.e. the founder, Or, as the Targum renders, "the prince of the Ziphites;" for it was usual to call both the founder and the prince of a city its father. Ziph: Jos 15:24; Sa1 23:19, Sa1 26:1 the father of Hebron: Ch1 2:23, Ch1 2:24, Ch1 2:45, Ch1 2:49, Ch1 2:52, Ch1 8:29; Ezr 2:21-35; Neh 7:25-38 1 Chronicles 2:44”

“Other renowned descendants of Caleb. - First of all there are enumerated, in Ch1 2:42-49, three lines of descendants of Caleb, of which the two latter, Ch1 2:46-49, are the issue of concubines. - The first series, Ch1 2:42-45, contains some things which are very obscure. In Ch1 2:42 there are menitioned, as sons of Caleb the brother of Jerahmeel, Mesha his first-born, with the addition, "this is the father of Ziph; and the sons of Mareshah, the father of Hebron," as it reads according to the traditional Masoretic text. Now it is here not only very surprising that the sons of Mareshah stand parallel with Mesha, but it is still more strange to find such a collocation as "sons of Mareshah the…”